典型有机抑制剂在萤石和方解石浮选分离中的作用机制及其应用

Application and Mechanism of Typical Organic Inhibitors on Flotation Separation of Fluorite and Calcite

方解石是碳酸盐型萤石矿主要的伴生矿物之一,其与萤石的高效浮选分离是萤石资源高效开发利用的关键。系统研究了草酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、聚丙烯酸、单宁酸等典型有机抑制剂对萤石和方解石浮选行为的影响,分析抑制剂结构组成对抑制活性的影响规律。结果表明,草酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸可有效抑制萤石,实现萤石与方解石的反浮选分离;聚丙烯酸、单宁酸可有效抑制方解石,且单宁酸在萤石表面仅为物理吸附,而方解石表面为化学吸附,有利于实现萤石与方解石的正浮选分离。针对高钙萤石资源提出了反浮选脱方解石—强化萤石与方解石浮选分离的两段浮选新工艺,应用于湖南某高钙萤石矿山(萤石36.82%,方解石18.75%),获得萤石精矿品位91.73%、回收率79.95%,为高钙萤石资源的开发提供了全新的解决方案。

Calcite is one of the main associated minerals of carbonate fluorite ore,and its efficient flotation separation from fluorite is the key to efficient utilization of fluorite resources. The effects of typical organic inhibitors such as oxalic acid,tartaric acid,citric acid,polyacrylic acid and tannic acid on the flotation behavior of fluorite and calcite were systematically studied,and the influence of the structural composition of inhibitors on the inhibition activity was investigated. The results indicated that oxalic acid,tartaric acid and citric acid can effectively inhibit fluorite and achieve reverse flotation separation of fluorite and calcite. Polyacrylic acid and tannic acid can effectively inhibit calcite,and tannic acid accurred physical adsorption on fluorite surface,while chemical adsorption on calcite surface,which is conducive to achieve the positive flotation separation of fluorite and calcite. Based on this conclusion,a new two-stage flotation process of reverse flotation to remove calcite and enhancing flotation separation of fluorite and calcite was proposed for high calcium fluorite resources(fluorite of 36. 82%,calcite of 18. 75%). The grade of fluorite concentrate is 91. 73% and the recovery rate is 79. 95%,which provides a new method for the exploitation of high calcium fluorite resources.