中国对一带一路能源基础设施投融资风险与应对

China’s Investment and Financing Risks and Countermeasures for the Belt and Road Energy Infrastructure

中国对“一带一路”沿线国家能源基础设施领域投融资规模在2013—2020年间总体呈现先增长后回落的波动态势,主要分布于亚非发展中国家,以化石能源发电、石油炼化等项目为主,近年来对可再生能源和绿色能源基建项目投资快速增长。与此同时,中国对“一带一路”国家能源基础设施投融资面临美西方国家干扰破坏、债务不可持续风险上升、投融资主体与工具缺乏多样性、环境和气候变化对化石能源投融资约束增强等诸多风险挑战。有效应对,需要做到以我为主,深化国际合作;完善风险预警和应对机制,帮助沿线国家化解债务风险;丰富投融资工具,构建市场化合作共赢新模式;推广环境、社会和治理管理方法,加快推动能源基础设施绿色转型。

The analysis shows that the scale of China’s investment and financing in the field of energy infrastructure in the countries along the"Belt and Road"has generally shown a fluctuating trend of first growth and then decline from 2013 to 2020,mainly distributed in developing countries in Asia and Africa,mainly in fossil energy power generation,petroleum refining and other projects,and in recent years,investment in renewable energy and green energy infrastructure projects has increased rapidly.At the same time,China’s investment and financing of energy infrastructure in the"Belt and Road"countries are facing many risks and challenges,such as the interference and destruction of the United States and Western countries,the rising risk of unsustainable debt,the lack of diversity of investment and financing subjects and tools,and the increasing constraints of environmental and climate change on fossil energy investment and financing.In order to respond effectively,we need to focus on ourselves and deepen international cooperation;improve risk early warning and response mechanisms to help countries along the Belt and Road mitigate debt risks;enrich investment and financing tools to build a new model of win-win market-oriented cooperation;promote environmental,social and governance management methods to accelerate the green transformation of energy infrastructure.