以市场化思维完善碳交易机制

Improving Carbon Trading Mechanism with Market-oriented Thinking

碳交易机制对实现“双碳”目标具有重大意义。经过改革创新,我国碳排放交易制度基本建立,但现有碳交易机制仍不完善,主要表现在:管理制度层级不够,缺乏权威性和有效性;配额管理机制不完善,碳交易无法起到减排作用;碳市场交易机制有效性不足,企业缺乏减排动力和压力;碳交易市场单一等。建议对碳配额管理和碳交易立法;制定碳排放奖惩机制,科学确立碳基准价格;充分发挥碳价格机制作用;对高碳和碳密集行业、企业,及早确定碳排放峰值及年限;完善碳额度分配机制;加强对碳排放的监测、报告和核查,完善碳交易机制。

Carbon trading mechanism is of great significance to achieve the goal of double carbon. Through reform and innovation, China’s carbon emissions trading system has been basically established, but the existing carbon trading mechanism is still not perfect, mainly in the following aspects:the management system level is not enough, lack of authority and effectiveness;the quota management mechanism is not perfect, carbon trading can not play a role in emission reduction;the effectiveness of carbon market trading mechanism is insufficient, enterprises lack of motivation and pressure to reduce emissions;the carbon trading market is single. It is suggested that carbon quota management and carbon trading should be legislated, carbon emission reward and punishment mechanism should be formulated, carbon benchmark price should be established scientifically, the role of carbon price mechanism should be brought into full play, the peak value and fixed number of years of carbon emission should be determined as early as possible for high-carbon and carbon-intensive industries and enterprises, the allocation mechanism of carbon quota should be improved, and the monitoring,reporting and verification of carbon emission should be strengthened to improve the carbon trading mechanism.