草甘膦在环境介质中的残留及对环境生物的影响

Residues of Glyphosate in Environmental Media and Its Effects on Environmental Organisms

草甘膦作为目前全球使用量最大的农药,在环境介质中的降解、残留和对环境生物的影响越来越受到人们的关注。随着我国耐草甘膦转基因作物的产业化发展,草甘膦使用量将迅速增加,其对生态环境的影响应受到高度重视。本文从草甘膦及其代谢产物AMPA在土壤和水体中的残留现状以及对环境生物土壤动物、水生/两栖动物、昆虫和鸟类的影响2个方面对国内外研究进展进行了综述,并提出了管控因大量使用草甘膦所引起的环境风险方面的建议,以期为草甘膦的环境风险评价和安全应用提供科学依据。

As the most widely used pesticide in the world,the degradation and residue of glyphosate in environmental media and its effects on environmental organisms have attracted more and more attention.With the development of industrialization of glyphosate-resistant transgenic crops in China,the usage of glyphosate increases rapidly,and its effects on the ecological environment would be highly valued.This paper reviewed domestic and foreign research progress on residual status of glyphosate and its metabolites AMPA in soil and water,along with the effects of glyphosate and its metabolites on environmental organisms(soil animals,aquatic/amphibious animals,insects and birds).Suggestions on management and control of the environmental risks caused by the excessive use of glyphosate were put forward in order to provide scientific basis for environmental risk assessment and safe application of glyphosate.