行距配置对河西灌区春玉米高密栽培产量及农艺性状的影响

Effects of Row Spacing Configuration on Yield and Agronomic Traits of Spring Maize in High-density Cultivation in Hexi Irrigation Area

本试验在12万株/hm^(2)高密栽培下,设置50 cm+50 cm(T_(1))、55 cm+55 cm(T_(2))、60 cm+60 cm(T_(3))、65 cm+65 cm(T_(4))4种等行距配置和60 cm+40 cm(T_(5))、70 cm+40 cm(T_(6))、80 cm+40 cm(T_(7))、90 cm+40 cm(T8)4种宽窄行配置进行田间对比试验,研究了不同行距配置对玉米正德305农艺经济性状及产量的影响。结果表明,4种等行距配置处理随着行距的增大,株高、穗位高、千粒重和出籽率呈降低趋势,穗长、穗粒数呈增加趋势。4种宽窄行配置处理随着宽行距的增大,株高、穗位高、穗长呈降低趋势,穗粒数、出籽率呈先增后降的趋势,千粒重呈增加趋势。各处理之间茎粗、穗长和穗粗变化不显著。各行距配置的单株产量与单位面积产量变化趋势一致,产量依次是T_(6)>T_(7)>T_(2)>T_(3)>T_(4)>T_(5)>T_(1)>T8。其中T_(6)宽窄行种植模式产量最高,为17358.3 kg/hm^(2),较等行距模式T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)、T_(4)分别增产17.56%、9.72%、10.60%和12.88%。可见,河西灌区正德305高密栽培下采用T_(6)宽窄行配置比较合理,有利于改善玉米植株农艺性状,从而提高产量。

To explore the suitable row spacing configuration for high-density cultivation of spring maize in Hexi Irrigation Area,to provide a theoretical basis for maize densification and yield increase.Under the high-density cultivation of 120,000 plants/hm^(2),4 kinds of equidistant rows of 50 cm+50 cm(T_(1)),55 cm+55 cm(T_(2)),60 cm+60 cm(T_(3)),65 cm+65 cm(T_(4))and 60 cm+40 cm(T_(5))were set four kinds of wide and narrow row configurations,70 cm+40 cm(T_(6)),80 cm+40 cm(T_(7)),and 90 cm+40 cm(T8),were compared in field experiments,and the effects of different row spacing configurations on the agronomic and economic characters and yield of maize Zhengde 305 were studied.The results showed that with the increase of row spacing,the plant height,ear height,thousand-grain weight and seed yield of the four treatments with equal row spacing decreased,while the ear length and the number of grains per ear increased.With the increase of wide row spacing,the plant height,ear height and ear length of the four kinds of wide-narrow row configuration treatments decreased,the number of grains per ear and the rate of seed emergence increased first and then decreased,and the 1000-grain weight increased.Stem diameter,ear length and ear diameter did not change significantly between treatments.The yield per plant of each row spacing configuration was consistent with the variation trend of yield per unit area,and the order of yield was T_(6)>T_(7)>T_(2)>T_(3)>T_(4)>T_(5)>T_(1)>T8.Among them,the 70 cm+40 cm wide and narrow row planting mode had the highest yield,which was 17358.3 kg/hm^(2),which was 17.56%,9.72%,10.60%and 12.88%higher than the equal row spacing mode of 50 cm,55 cm,60 cm and 65 cm respectively(p<0.01).