德国职业教育教材的基本特征及对我国教材改革的启示--基于21本德国教材的文本分析

The Characteristics of German Vocational Educational Teaching Materials and the Inspiration for the Reform of Teaching Materials in China:Textual Analysis Based on 21 German Teaching Materials

教材是职业院校育人的基本依据,是学生探索工作世界与提升行动能力的阶梯,也是教育教学的指导性媒体。通过调研21本德国教材,梳理出两方面特征:一是结构编排体现为学习者而设计,以行动导向为逻辑主线,具有“模块化”“有序性”和“完整性”特征;二是内容选择始终指向职业行动能力目标,具有“标准化”“情境化”和“综合性”特征。借鉴德国经验,我国职业教育教材改革应做好以下三方面:完善专业教学标准,将核心素养融入全部教材;基于类型化特征,通过典型工作任务整合学习内容;凸显学材化特征,遵循学生认知与职业成长规律。

Vocational education materials are the fundamental basis for the training in vocational schools,they are a stepping stone for students to explore the world of work and improve their vocational skills,and they are also a guiding medium for education and teaching.This study found that the 21 German teaching materials have two characteristics.First,the structure arrangement is designed for learners,taking action as the main line of logic,with the characteristics of"modularity","orderliness"and"completeness".Second,content selection always points to the goal of occupational action ability,with the characteristics of"standardization","contextualization"and"comprehensiveness".By referring to German experience,the reform of vocational education textbooks in our country should do well in the following three aspects:perfect professional teaching standards and integrate"core literacy"into all teaching materials;integrate learning content through typical work tasks based on typological characteristics;highlight the characteristics of learning materials and follow the laws of students'cognitive and professional growth.