2019-2021年重庆市外环境禽流感病毒污染状况监测结果分析

Surveillance and analysis of avian influenza virus environmental pollution status in Chongqing,2019-2021

目的分析2019-2021年重庆市外环境禽流感病毒污染状况,为人感染禽流感疫情防控提供科学依据。方法运用实时荧光定量RT-PCR法对外环境标本进行甲型通用流感病毒核酸检测,阳性标本再检测禽流感病毒H5、H7和H9亚型。用SPSS 25.0软件进行数据统计分析,率间比较采用χ^(2)检验。结果2019-2021年,共采集外环境标本4331份,甲型阳性率为23.90%。不同年份甲型阳性率差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=2.27,P>0.05),H5、H9、H5+H9混合型和甲型非H5、H7、H9型阳性检出率分别为13.43%、47.92%、35.17%、3.48%,未检出H7亚型。不同监测地区甲型阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=195.82,P<0.001),居前两位的是九龙坡区(35.36%)和铜梁区(34.76%)。不同监测场所(χ^(2)=272.54,P<0.001)、不同类型样本(χ^(2)=187.78,P<0.001)、不同季度(χ^(2)=70.88,P<0.001)阳性率差异有统计学意义。其中,以农贸市场阳性检出率(29.17%)最高,清洗禽类污水(34.54%)和宰杀或摆放禽肉案板表面擦拭标本(31.75%)阳性检出率高于其他样本,阳性检出率高峰主要出现在冬春季。结论重庆市外环境中持续存在H5、H9禽流感病毒污染,具有人感染风险,应进一步规范活禽市场管理和加强人员防护宣教,并持续开展外环境禽流感病毒监测。

This paper aims at investigating the external environmental pollution status of avian influenza virus in Chongqing from 2019 to 2021,providing scientific basis for the prevention and control of human infection with avian influenza virus.External environmental specimens were tested for influenza A virus nucleic acids by the real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR,and the nucleic acid of H5,H7 and H9 subtypes of avian influenza virus was detected in the positive samples.The data of type A were analyzed by SPSS 25.0 software,andχ^(2)test was used for rate comparison.From 2019 to 2021,4331 external environmental specimens were collected,with influenza A positive rate of 23.90%.There is no statistical difference in different years(χ^(2)=2.27,P>0.05),H5,H9,H5+H9 and type A positive,non H5,H7,H9 positive were 13.43%,47.92%,35.17%and 3.48%,and no subtype H7 was detected.There were statistical differences in type A positive rate in different monitoring regions(χ^(2)=195.82,P<0.001),the top two are Jiulongpo(35.36%)and Tongliang(34.76%).Different monitoring sites(χ^(2)=272.54,P<0.001),different specimens(χ^(2)=187.78,P<0.001),different quarters(χ^(2)=70.88,P<0.001)have statistical differences in positive rates,among them,the farmers'markets(29.17%)were the most severely polluted,the positive detection rate of cleaning poultry sewage(34.54%)and slaughtering or laying poultry meat chopping plate surface wipe specimens(31.75%)was significantly higher than that of other specimens,positive detection peak in winter-spring.There were subtype H5 and H9 avian influenza virus pollution in the external environment in Chongqing,which has the risk of human infection.Market management and personnel protection education should be further standardized,external monitoring of avian influenza viruses should be carried out.