中国重要农作物生物育种产业化应用的展望

Prospects for Commercialization of Biotech Breeding Technology of Important Crops in China

中国作为人口大国,由于耕地和水资源有限,科技创新是提升农作物生产能力、满足国家粮食安全的唯一出路。玉米、大豆、油菜、棉花等重要作物生物育种产业化在推动美国、巴西和阿根廷等世界主产国或地区的种业发展中发挥了重要作用。经过20多年的科技创新,中国玉米和大豆的抗虫和耐除草剂生物育种技术已趋于成熟,生物育种产业化种植可显著降低玉米、大豆等作物的生产成本,提升单产水平和增加农民收入。生物育种产业化是涉及科研创新、生物安全评估、相关法规监管、国际贸易、农业生产和公众接受度等多方面、庞大又复杂的系统工程,需要以大型种企为主体,整合科研院所、大学和企业科技资源,构建生物育种研发创新联合体,实现创新研发链与产业链的一体化,不断推出高产并营养健康、投入少而又环境友好的新品种,推进重要农作物生物育种产业化应用的高质量可持续发展。生物育种是种业创新的核心,构建现代生物育种创新体系、强化种质资源深度挖掘、突破前沿育种关键技术、培育战略性新品种、实现种业科技自强自立是解决种源要害、打赢种业翻身仗的关键,是牢牢把握住粮食安全主动权的根本保障,也是破解我国农业发展面临的资源短缺和环境约束的重要措施。概述了生物育种产业化应用现状,并提出了现代种业发展举措。生物育种将驱动我国现代种业发展和国际竞争力持续提升,实现从种业大国迈向种业强国的跨越。

China has more population in the world but with limited arable land and water resources.Scientific innovation becomes a unique solution to promote the crop productions for national food security.Commercialization of biotech breeding technology in maize,soybean,oil rape and cotton has played a critical role in seed industry developmentin these major crop production countries including US,Brazil and Argentina.After over 20 years’scientific innovation of biotech crop research and development(R&D)in China,the biotechnology crops for maize and soybean with resistance to insect and herbicide tolerant traits have been ready,these biotech crops would not only reduce the inputs of crop production,but also increase the yield and farmers’incomes significantly.Due to the commercialization of biotech breeding technology involves in multiple aspects of research and development of scientific innovation,regulatory appraisal of biosafety and stewardship requirements,international trade,agricultural production and public acceptance etc.,which is a large and complex system engineer.Therefore,only those of the larger seed enterprises with capabilities can lead the whole processes by integrating R&D resources of scientific,academic and seed industrial units to create an innovation consortium for collaborations across the whole R&D chain and commercial chain together.Such an innovation consortium will be capable to continuously launch new varieties with better-yielding,nutritious,less inputs and environmental-friendly products should steadily support the commercialization of biotech breeding technology of important crops towards a sustainable and highquality development of seed industry in China.Biotech breeding technology is the core of seed innovation,so establishing an innovative system for modern breeding and strengthening the deep mine of germplasm resources plus breaking through the key technologies of cutting-edge breeding for strategic new varieties,becomes the solution for germplasm improvement and a key for winning the seed industry as well as the fundamental support for firmly grasping the initiative of food security.This paper summarized the application of biotech breeding,and proposed the developmental strategies of modern seed industry.Biotech breeding technology will become the important approach to solve the germplasm resource shortage and environmental constrains faced by China’s agricultural development while driving the development of China’s modern seed industry and the continuous improvement of international competitiveness,and realizing the leap from a large seed industry to a strong seed country.