重要养殖鱼类生物育种技术研究

Development of Biobreeding Techniques in Main Aquaculture Fish Species

鱼类等水产品作为蓝色食物,被公认为优质的蛋白源,在保障全球食品和营养安全中发挥重要作用。中国是全球最大的水产养殖国家,其成功经验为世界所瞩目。我国在养殖鱼类中建立了选择育种、杂交育种、多倍体育种、性控育种、转基因育种等技术,开展了鱼类基因编辑和全基因组选择育种实践,并在鱼类生殖干细胞和生殖开关等前沿育种技术方面进行了尝试。利用这些技术创制出养殖鱼类新种质,培育出具有优良性状的养殖鱼类新品系和新品种,驱动和支撑着我国水产养殖的高质量发展。系统综述了生物育种技术在鱼类优良种质创制中的开发和应用,并展望了鱼类生物育种技术的发展前景,旨在推动养殖鱼类新品系和新品种培育,支撑我国水产养殖的高质量发展。

As blue food, fish and other aquatic products are recognized as healthy and high-quality sources of animal protein, and play significant roles in supporting global food and nutrition security. China is the largest aquaculture country in the world, and its success stories have attracted global attention. China has developed and utilized various breeding methods for aquaculture species, such as selection breeding, hybridization breeding, polyploid breeding, transgenic breeding, etc. and carried out genome editing and genome selection-based breeding in some species, pioneered some novel breeding methods, such as the fish germline stem cell-oriented approach and reproduction onoff strategy. By using these technologies, Chinese aquaculture scientists have bred various aquaculture species or fish lines with valuable traits, which drives and supports the high-quality development of Chinese aquaculture. This article systematically reviewed the development and application of the above biobreeding techniques in the generation and application of novel fish strains with valuable traits, and provided an outlook on the future development of biobreeding technology, which aimed to promote the breeding of new lines and varieties of aquaculture fish, and support the high-quality development of aquaculture in China.