稻麦轮作体系下抗除草剂稻麦种质资源的挖掘与利用

Excavation and Utilization of Herbicide-resistant Rice and Wheat Germplasm Resources Under Rice-Wheat Rotation System

随着我国稻麦轮作区直播稻面积迅速扩大,直播连作田块杂草猖獗,田间除草剂与适播品种的应用需求愈发急迫,抗除草剂稻麦种质资源的开发与利用成为我国稻麦轮作区种业与农化企业联合发展的新方向。抗除草剂稻麦的配合轮作不仅降低了全年杂草的防除成本,增加了作物产量,同时也减少了除草剂对当茬和后茬作物的副作用,特别是安全、低残留选择性除草剂与抗性种质材料的配合使用,将显著降低除草剂滥用对生态环境的破坏以及野生稻和田间顽固性杂草的发生量,为助力实现稻麦轮作区稳产、优质、绿色、生态、安全的生产目标发挥重要作用。综述了农药市场主要的除草剂种类,并且从转基因与非转基因2个角度介绍了与其对应相关的抗除草剂稻麦种质资源的研究进展,为稻麦轮作区直播稻种植背景下抗除草剂品种(系)种药一体化栽培体系的构建提供理论依据。

With the rapid expansion of direct planting rice area in paddy and wheat rotation area,weeds are rampant in continuous cropping fields,and the application demand of herbicides and varieties suitable for sowing is becoming increasingly urgent.The development and utilization of herbicide-resistant rice and wheat germplasm resources is becoming a new direction for the joint development of seed industry and agrochemical enterprises in paddy and wheat rotation area.Herbicide resistance of rice and wheat not only reduces the annual weed control costs,increases crop yield,but also reduces the herbicide,the side effects of crop and the crop after especially security,low residual selective herbicide used with resistant germplasm materials,herbicide will significantly reduce the abuse of the destruction of ecological environment as well as the number of wild rice and the resistant weeds,it plays an important role in helping to realize the production goals of stable yield,high quality,green,ecological and safe in the ricewheat rotation area.In this paper,several popular herbicides in the world pesticide market were described,and the research progress of herbicide resistant germplasm resources of rice and wheat was introduced from the perspectives of transgenic and non-transgenic.This study provided theoretical basis for promoting the application of the integrated cultivation of rice and wheat seed and medicine in live-streaming rice.