湘西苗族地区清至民国时期民间纸契的原料及用纸特征分析

Analysis of Materials and Characteristics of Paper Used in Folk Contract Documents from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China in the Miao Ethnic Area of Western Hunan

湘西麻阳苗族地区清康熙至民国时期的系列民间纸契是研究湘西少数民族地区社会历史的珍贵史料,其中部分纸契受损严重,亟待保护。为制订科学的保护方案,对系列纸契的用纸原料进行鉴定,并测试纸张的物理性质。结果表明,纸契的原料种类呈现多样化,构皮纸、竹纸、三桠皮与竹的混料纸兼而有之,不同历史时期的用纸变化一定程度上会受到造纸业主流发展趋势的影响。红色染色纸契仅以竹纸为原纸,可能与其紧度高、吸水性强、染色效果好有关。民间纸契的原料种类和相关物理性质的差异性较大,对此类档案的修复需重视纸张本体的科学检测,有助于选取合适的修复用纸以达到最佳的保护效果。

The existing series of folk civil contracts from Qing Kangxi to the Republic of China in Mayang Miao ethnic area of western Hunan are valuable historical materials for examining the social history of western Hunan minority areas, some of which are severely damaged and require urgent protection. To develop a scientific protection scheme, some paper deeds with appearances representative of different eras are selected for the identification of raw material fibers, and the physical properties of the samples are tested. The results demonstrate that the raw material types of paper deeds are diversified, including mulberry bast, bamboo and bamboo mixed with Edgeworthia chrysantha bast. The change of paper used is affected by the mainstream development trend of the paper industry at that time. Red-dyed paper contracts only used bamboo as the base material due to its high tightness, strong water absorption and good dyeing effect. There are great differences in the types of raw materials and related physical properties of folk paper deeds. Therefore, the restoration of such archives should pay attention to the scientific detection of each paper deed for selecting the appropriate restoration paper to achieve the best protection effect.