明代佛教寺院档册《钦录》考

Textual Research on the Archives Qin Lu of Buddhist Monasteries in Ming Dynasty

《钦录》是明太祖管理佛教事务的圣旨敕谕汇编成册的文书档案,藏于南京等地各大敕建寺院。万历年间,葛寅亮将南京各寺《钦录》汇总成“《钦录》集”,编入《金陵梵刹志》中,使之得以保存。《钦录》的编纂可追溯到洪武六年开设的钦录簿制度,并直接受到其“钦录圣旨”“编类为书”原则的影响。因洪武初年僧司还未设立,《钦录》的记录主体实际上是各大寺院而非官府,这导致禅、讲、教等不同类型的寺院所藏版本存在差异。正是这些差异和其丰富的内容可补充《大明会典》记载之不足。《钦录》档册体现了明初佛教管理制度化的特点,对研究明初佛教史亦有重要价值。

Qin Lu is an administrative archives compiled from the imperial edicts of Ming Taizu to manage Buddhist affairs. It is collected in major imperial monasteries in Nanjing and other cities. During the Wanli period, Ge Yinliang compiled the Qin Lu of various monasteries in Nanjing into ’’Qin Lu corpus’ ’ in the Records of Buddhist Temple in Jinling, so that it can be preserved. The compilation of the Qin Lu can be traced back to the Qin Lu Bu System in the sixth year of Hongwu, and was directly influenced by the principles of "record decree" and "classify into books". In the early Hongwu, the Buddhist Administration had not yet been established, so the recorders of Qin Lu were the major monasteries rather than the government. This leads to differences in the versions of Buddhism, preaching and teaching in different types of monasteries. It is these differences and its rich content that can make up for the lack of records in Ming Hui Dian. The Qin Lu not only reflects the characteristics of the institutionalization of Buddhist management in the early Ming Dynasty, but also shows great value for the study of Buddhism in the Ming Dynasty.