长沙市休闲旅游资源空间分布特征及形成机制

Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of Urban Leisure Tourism Resources in Changsha City

休闲旅游资源旨在满足人们日益增长的休闲旅游需求。文章以长沙市为研究区域,运用GIS分析和地理探测器模型等方法研究休闲旅游资源空间分布特征及形成机制。结果显示:(1)长沙市休闲旅游资源呈“一心多点”的分布格局,具有集聚、向心、沿路性和傍水性等特征,呈东南—西北分布格局。(2)康娱类、文化类呈“大聚集、小分散”分布形态,康娱类沿商业中心布局,在19 km达到集聚峰值,文化类以文化景点为中心,在16 km达到集聚峰值;自然类和专项类呈“小聚集、大分散”分布形态,自然类集聚于橘子洲、岳麓山等自然禀赋较高的景区附近,在20 km达到集聚峰值;专项类具有较明显以“度假休闲区”为中心的分布规律,未形成集聚峰值。(3)长沙市休闲旅游资源发展历程大体经历了“修复—起步—发展—成熟”4个阶段,其时序演化、空间分布是经济、人口、资源、交通、政府等多因素相互作用的结果,各因素对不同类型资源的作用程度有所差别。最后基于“路径依赖”理论,从条件、环境、引力、动力4个方面分析其影响因素的作用机理。

Leisure tourism resources arm to meet people’s increasing demands for tourism and leisure. This study takes Changsha City as the research area, and uses the methods of GIS analysis and geographic detector model to study the spatial distribution characteristics and formation mechanism of leisure tourism resources. The results show that: 1) The leisure tourism resources in Changsha City shows the distribution pattern of "one center with multiple points" and presents the characteristics of "agglomeration", "centripetal", "along the road", "near water" and the "southeast-northwest" direction. 2) The recreational and cultural categories are in the form of "large gathering and small dispersion". The recreational category distributes along the commercial center and reach a peak of the agglomeration at about 19 km. The cultural category centers on cultural attractions and reaches its peak of the agglomeration at about 16 km. The natural and special categories shows the distribution pattern of "small aggregation and large dispersion". The natural category distributes near scenic spots with high natural endowments such as Juzizhou and Yuelu Mountain,and reaches its peak of the agglomeration at about 20 km. The special category has the obvious distribution characteristics of vacation and leisure areas-oriented,doesn’t form the peak of the agglomeration. 3) The development of leisure tourism resources in Changsha has experienced four stages: namely,restoration stage,start-up stage,development stage and maturity stage,and its temporal evolution and spatial distribution are the result of the interaction of multiple factors such as economy,population,resources,transportation and government. The effects of different types of resources are different. Finally,based on the theoretical paradigm of "path dependence", the action mechanism of the influencing factors is analyzed from the four aspects of condition,environment,gravity and power.