晋西黄土丘陵沟壑区不同森林植被生态水文功能研究

Study on Eco-hydrological Function of Different Forestry Vegetation in the Loess Hilly-gully Areas of Western Shanxi

笔者在晋西黄土丘陵沟壑区设置5种不同植被类型的样地,对其土壤物理性质及枯落物特性进行测定,以期探索该地区不同森林植被的生态水文功能。结果表明,同种植被类型样地的土壤含水量随土层深度的增加而降低,同一土层深度不同植被类型样地的土壤含水量变化规律不明显。土壤容重以沙棘样地最大,杨树样地次之,华北落叶松样地最小;总孔隙度以辽东栎样地最大,油松样地次之,杨树样地最小;非毛管孔隙度以辽东栎样地最大,油松样地次之,华北落叶松、杨树和沙棘样地较小。油松样地和辽东栎样地的枯落物最大持水率分别为152.91%和199.16%,枯落物最大持水量分别为118.7 t/hm2和234.6 t/hm2,说明枯落物层具有良好的含蓄水源作用。

In order to explore the eco-hydrological functions of different forestry vegetation in the loess hilly-gully region of western Shanxi, the 5 sample plots of different vegetation types were set to measure their soil physical properties and litter characteristics. The results showed that the soil water content of the same vegetation type sample plots decreased with the increase of soil depth, and the change rule in soil water content among the sample plots of different vegetation types at the same soil depth was not obvious. The soil bulk density was the largest in Hippophae rhamnoides plot, followed by Populus plot, and the smallest in Larix principis-rupprechtii plot. The total porosity was the largest in Quercus liaotungensis plot, followed by Pinus tabulaeformis plot, and the smallest in Populus plot. The non-capillary porosity was the largest in Quercus liaotungensis plot, followed by Pinus tabulaeformis plot, and that of Larix principis-rupprechtii plot, Populus plot and Hippophae rhamnoides plot were smaller. The maximal water holding rates and maximum water holding capacity of litter in Pinus tabulaeformis plot and Quercus liaotungensis plot were 152.91%, 199.16% and 118.7 t/hm~2, 234.6 t/hm~2 respectively, which indicated that the litter layer had a good function of water storage.