黑龙江查哈阳农场石制品的剥片与修理技术

Core reduction and modification of stone artifacts from Chahayang farm,Heilongjiang

查哈阳农场位于黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市甘南县,地处松嫩平原西缘的嫩江右岸。本文以2018年在查哈阳农场太平湖管理区第八作业区东北的E2地点试掘的石制品为研究对象,从石核的剥片和石器修理的角度对石制品进行技术分析。石核、石片以及石器分析显示,E2地点存在两种剥片技术体系:一是简单剥片技术体系,该技术不存在剥片前对核体的预制过程,以片状石核、大量不规则的石片以及修理程度较低的石器为代表;二是系统剥片技术体系,该技术以剥离石叶(长石片)为最终目的,存在剥片前对核体“几何组织结构”的修型、预制现象,同时伴随台面的预制修理。E2地点的石制品技术分析,可为嫩江流域旧石器时代晚期石器工业面貌的揭示和技术变化的探讨提供新的材料与线索。

The Chahayang state-run farm is located in Gannan County, Qiqihar City,Heilongjiang Province, on the right bank of the Nenjiang River in the western margin of the Songnan Plain. The Palaeolithic archaeological field work and systematic excavations in Heilongjiang Province started in the 1930s. Thus far, more than 100 sites or localities have been reported or published, mainly for the Upper Palaeolithic. A new field survey was conducted in Gannan County in 2017 jointly by the Institute of Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, and the Heilongjiang Provincial Archaeology and Cultural Relics Institute. Upper Palaeolithic deposits and local jasper raw materials were found in a large area around Taipinghu Reservoir. In 2018, an excavation was conducted at a locality, named the Chahayang E2 locality in the Northeast Eighth Operation Area of the Taipinghu Reservoir Administrative Region(48°23′N, 124°1′E, H 295m)of this Farm. A total of 4624 stone artifacts were discovered including cores(n=23), complete flakes(267), micro-flaked flakes(10), blades(6), scrapers(9), fragments(126), chunks(156),and blanks(3096). The lithic assemblage is mainly produced by direct hammer percussion.This paper describes two distinct technological assemblages. A flake technology that is the local and dominant assemblage in North China, characterized by free-hand core reduction without preparation and simple tool modification. The other is blade technology represented by blade cores with platform preparation and working surfaces for the production of blades. The shapes of blade cores are varied, including wedge, prismatic and narrow-faced. Modified tools are represented by scrapers. Heavy duty tools are not evident at this site or in the surrounding area.This technological study provides a new reference for the origin, dispersal and development of blade technology in the Nenjiang River Basin. The period dates from the end of late Pleistocene to the early Holocene when environmental changes were severe, and the value of this work is in recognizing the evolution of cultural change in northeast China, and furthering discussion of migration dispersal and cultural diffusion in northeast Asia.