重庆市有性行为青少年安全套使用自我效能及影响因素分析

Analysis on condom self-efficacy and influencing factors among adolescents sexually exposures in Chongqing

目的了解重庆市有性行为青少年安全套使用的自我效能,并分析其影响因素,为进一步干预提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样和方便抽样相结合的方法选取重庆市8个区县的15~24岁青少年进行问卷调查,其中应答有性行为史的青少年作为本次研究对象,利用安全套使用自我效能量表评估自我效能,采用SPSS软件进行统计分析。结果共调查了440名有性行为史的青少年,男生占64.55%。安全套使用自我效能平均得分为(48.95±13.50)分,各维度中坚持使用、正确使用和协商使用安全套的平均得分分别为(9.60±2.93)分、(22.02±6.54)分和(17.33±5.43)分。职高生、大学生和校外青少年的安全套使用自我效能平均得分分别为(48.83±13.75)分、(51.46±13.64)分和(47.27±13.09)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多元回归分析发现,艾滋病知识得分越多、城市和城镇青少年安全套使用自我效能得分较高,校外青少年安全套使用自我效能得分较低。在不同维度安全套使用自我效能的影响因素略有不同,女生坚持使用安全套自我效能得分较低,性与生殖健康知识得分越多协商使用安全套自我效能得分越高。结论重庆市有性行为青少年安全套使用自我效能处在中等水平,有必要开展针对性的健康教育,重点关注校外和农村地区青少年,提高正确使用安全套的比例,促进安全性行为的形成。

Objective The study aimed to analyze condom self-efficacy and influencing factors among adolescents with sexual exposures in Chongqing,to provide the theoretical basis for further intervention development.Methods Multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method and convenience sampling method were conducted among adolescents aged15-24 years from 8 districts and counties in Chongqing.People who responded with sexual history were selected.A condom self-efficacy scale was applied to evaluate self-efficacy.SPSS software was used to analyze the data.Results A total of 440 adolescents with a history of sexual activity were included in this study,of which 64.55%were male.The mean score of self-efficacy in condom use was 48.95±13.50 points,while the mean score of consistent use,correct use,and communication were 9.60±2.93 points,22.02±6.54 points,and 17.33±5.43 points,respectively.The mean score of occupational school students,college students and out-of-school adolescents were 48.83±13.75 points,51.46±13.64 points,and 47.27±13.09 points,with statistically significant(P<0.05)differences.The results of the multi-regression analysis showed that adolescents who got higher scores for AIDS knowledge,lived in a city and town had higher scores of selfefficacy in condom use.Out-of-school adolescents had lower self-efficacy scores.However,the main influencing factors for the different dimensions of self-efficacy were slightly different.The score of consistent condom use was lower in females and the score of communication was higher with the higher score of sexual and reproductive health knowledge.Conclusions Adolescents with a history of sexual activity have a middle level of condom self-efficacy in Chongqing.It is necessary to carry out targeted health education to increase the proportion of correct condom use and promote the formation of safe sexual behavior.We should pay more attention to adolescents in out-of-school and rural areas.