CD56^(neg)NK细胞在HIV感染的作用:进展与展望

The characterization of CD56^(neg) NK cell in HIV infections:progress and Outlook

HIV是导致人体免疫功能严重缺陷的RNA病毒,而自然杀伤(NK)细胞作为固有免疫系统中的天然免疫细胞,可以通过不同的杀伤机制抑制HIV的感染和复制。在急性期,NK细胞可以通过抗体依赖的细胞介导的细胞毒性作用(Antibody Dependent Cell Mediated Cytotoxicity,ADCC)对HIV感染的细胞进行有效的杀伤和清除。随着HIV感染的进展,NK细胞逐渐表现出功能耗竭,以及出现功能异常的CD56^(neg)NK细胞亚群,最终导致NK细胞功能受损。尽管NK细胞对于抗HIV感染的作用已多有研究,但对于CD56^(neg)NK细胞亚群的功能研究甚少。CD56^(neg)NK细胞亚群在健康人中比较少见,主要常见于HIV感染者中,但对其功能及来源仍不清楚。本文主要通过阐述CD56^(neg)NK细胞亚群在HIV感染中的作用,对其可能起源进行总结概括,以明确NK细胞在抗HIV感染过程中发挥的重要作用。

HIV is an RNA virus that causes serious defects in human immune function.Natural killer(NK)cells are innate immunity that play a critical role in the control of HIV infections and replication.In the acute phase,NK cells can effectively lysis and clear HIV infected cells through antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity(ADCC).Chronic stages of HIV infections have anegative impact on NK cell function and promote the appearance of phenotypically and dysfunctional CD56^(neg)NK cell subset.In particular,it has been observed the function of NK cells,however,the function of CD56^(neg)NK cells subsets in anti-HIV infection has been poorly studied.The CD56^(neg)NK cell is relatively rare in healthy people and its function and origin are unclear.We mainly summarize the functional role of CD56^(neg)NK cell subsets in HIV and its possible origin in this review to definite the important role of NK cell subsets in anti-HIV infection.