不同品种鹅肠道发育及肠道微生物菌群结构的比较

Comparative Characterization of Intestinal Development and Microflora Structure of Different Goose Breeds

试验旨在比较不同鹅品种肠道发育及肠道微生物菌群结构差异,选取28日龄四川白鹅、浙东白鹅、扬州鹅和霍尔多巴吉鹅各10只为研究对象,圈养全程舍饲精料与黑麦草,于70日龄屠宰进行肠道发育和肠道微生物多样性检测。结果显示:四个品种鹅中浙东白鹅对牧草采食量最大,四川白鹅对牧草的转化利用率最高。扬州鹅肠道表观形态发育和组织形态发育显著优于其他三个品种鹅(P<0.05)。门水平上四个品种鹅的优势菌属相同,都是拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)。α多样性比较,霍尔多巴吉鹅的肠道菌群丰度及多样性都显著高于其他三个品种鹅(P<0.05),β多样性分析发现四个品种鹅的菌落结构差异不显著。根据Venn图筛选各品种鹅的盲肠特有菌,从门水平比较,霍尔多巴吉鹅的盲肠内微生物物种最丰富,其次为浙东白鹅>扬州鹅>四川白鹅,四个品种鹅都具有数量不等的分解消化纤维功能特有菌拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门,而扬州鹅盲肠特有菌还含有分解纤维菌放线菌门。进一步使用皮尔森相关系数分析特有菌群数量与饲草转化率等相关性,发现梭杆菌门和厚壁菌门与饲草分解消化利用率极强相关(Px,y>0.8),放线菌门与盲肠相对长度极强相关(Px,y>0.8)。研究结果表明,扬州鹅的肠道表观形态发育及组织形态发育显著高于其他鹅品种;霍尔多巴吉鹅的肠道菌群最为丰富,扬州鹅盲肠内消化纤维的菌群数量及种类最多。

In order to compare the differences in intestinal development and microflora structure of different goose breeds,28-day-age Sichuan White goose,Zhedong White goose,Yangzhou goose and Hallo Baja goose were selected,fed with concentrated feed and ryegrass in the house during the captive experiment,with 10 replicates in each group.The geese were slaughtered at 70 days of age for the detection of intestinal development and intestinal microbial diversity.The results showed that the development of intestinal morphology and intestinal microflora of Yangzhou goose were significantly better than those of other three geese(P<0.05).The dominant genera of the four geese were the same at the level of phylum,which were Bacteroides and Firmicutes.Compared with other three breeds of geese,the abundance and diversity of intestinal flora in Hallo Baja goose were significantly higher(P<0.05).The Venn diagram was used to screen the cecal-specific bacteria of each breed of goose.Compared with other goose breeds,the cecal microbial species of Hallo Baja goose were the most abundant,followed by Zhedong white goose,Yangzhou goose and Sichuan white goose.It was found that the cecal specific bacteria of Sichuan White goose only had the function of decomposing and digesting fiber.The four species of geese had different amounts of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes,which could decompose and digest fiber,and the cecal-specific bacteria of Yangzhou goose also contained Actinobacteria.Pearson correlation coefficient analysis showed that Fusobacteria and Firmicutes were strongly correlated with fiber digestibility(Px,y>0.8),and Actinobacteria was strongly correlated with relative cecum length(Px,y>0.8).The results indicated that the intestinal morphology and tissue morphology of Yangzhou goose were significantly higher than those of other geese.Holdobaji goose had the most abundant intestinal microbiota,and Yangzhou goose had the highest number and variety of digestive fiber microbiota in cecum.