复合材料螺旋桨敞水性能与结构特性研究

Numerical investigation on open water performence and structural characteristics of composite propellers

针对复合材料螺旋桨流固耦合效应显著的特点,本文通过CFD计算复合材料螺旋桨所受水动力载荷,应用有限元方法计算复合材料桨叶结构响应,建立双向流固耦合数值计算方法,研究不同进速系数工况下刚性和复合材料螺旋桨的水动力性能与结构特性。研究结果表明:相较于刚性螺旋桨,复合材料螺旋桨通过弯扭耦合变形实现螺距角与攻角自适应匹配,进而提高推进效率并降低功率损耗;复合材料桨叶的最大总变形和最大等效应力随来流速度的增大而减小,随旋转速度的增大而增大。基于蔡-吴准则对复合材料螺旋桨的失效行为进行判断,蔡-吴失效系数随进速系数的增大而降低,失效区域更容易出现在桨叶叶梢处。

In view of the significant fluid-structure interaction of the composite propeller, the fluid-structure coupling method was established in this paper, with the hydrodynamic load on composite propellers calculated by CFD and the structural response of composite blades predicted via the finite element method. The hydrodynamic performance and structural characteristics of rigid and composite propellers under different advance speed coefficients were studied. The results show that the pitch angle of the composite propeller can adaptively match with the angle of attack, resulting in the propulsion efficiency increase and power loss reduction. The maximum total deformation and equivalent stress of the composite blades decrease with the increase of the incoming flow speed, and increase with the increase of the rotation speed. Based on the TsaiWu criterion, the Tsai-Wu coefficient decreases with the increase of the advance speed coefficient, and the failure area is more likely to appear on the tip of the blades.