预防性环境公益诉讼研究——湿地生态治理角度

现行环境公益诉讼制度以民事侵权法为框架,强调损害结果而不够重视源头预防,且民事请求权基础不完善,因而难以解决当前严峻的环境问题,特别是面对湿地生态系统恢复成本高、生态功能恢复速度缓慢等问题,无法做到用小成本实现精准风险防控。针对相关问题,提出构建预防性环境公益诉讼制度,对预防性环境公益诉讼中的法律概念、责任承担方式和适用范围等方面进行不同于侵权诉讼的设计安排。同时检法两部门应合力,共同在湿地资源修复、生物多样性保护、应对气候变化等领域探索预防性环境公益诉讼。

The current environment public interest litigation system takes civil tort law as the framework,which has no perfect basis for civil claim and only emphasizes the result rather than the prevention from the source.This makes it difficult to solve environmental problems,especially when facing wetlands,an ecosystem with high restoration cost and slow restoration speed,and it is difficult to achieve precise prevention and control at a small cost.Aiming to related issues,propose to construct the system of preventive environmental public interest litigation,and design the legal concept,the way of responsibility and the scope of application different from that of tort litigation.Procuratorates and courts should work together to explore the litigation system of preventive environmental public interest in areas such as wetland restoration,biodiversity protection and climate change.