路基路面工程实体结构数字孪生模型构建技术与方法

Construction Technology and Method of Digital Twin Model for Physical Structure of Subgrade and Pavement Engineering

数字孪生技术作为现实物理实体与计算机虚拟模型之间的紧密联结技术,近年来得到了全球各行各业的密切关注,更被视为工业制造及科技发展的一条重要开拓路线。由于目前没有统一的技术标准、行业规程,甚至没有唯一准确的定义,各行业对数字孪生的理解和侧重点各不相同。基于此,从传统仿真技术与数值模拟知识出发,提出了路基路面工程实体结构数字孪生模型的基本构建准则,即“两度三化”。其中重点是两度(保真度及精确度)。分析了路基路面结构数字孪生模型的构建框架,依次从数据采集与数据融合、仿真及数字孪生、孪生数据管理、“虚实交互,以虚控实” 4个方面讨论了路基路面数字孪生模型的构建技术。基于现有商业化软件和平台,提出了4种主要的数字孪生模型构建方法,可以很方便地构建出孪生模型。目前,路基路面结构数字孪生模型要想真正达到“实映虚,虚映实”的目标,重点还是需要放在研究路基路面结构力学行为及机理方面。准确的力学行为及机理表达公式或数学模型,才能使得数字孪生模型在“虚映实”阶段,达到真正的“孪生”,即在静、动变化下路基路面工程实体与孪生模型达到“一模一样”。

As a close connection between real entities and virtual models, digital twin technology has received close attention from all walks of life around the world in recent years, and is regarded as an important path for industrial manufacturing and technological development. As there is no unified technical standard, industry regulations, or even a single accurate definition, the understanding and focus of digital twins vary from industry to industry. Based on traditional simulation technology and numerical simulation knowledge, in this paper the basic construction criteria of the digital twin model for the physical structure of subgrade and pavement engineering is put forward, namely “Two Degrees and Three Transformations”, with the emphasis on “ fidelity degree and accuracy degree”.The construction framework of the digital twin model of subgrade and pavement structure is analyzed, and the construction of the digital twin model of subgrade and pavement structure is discussed from four aspects: data collection and data fusion, simulation and digital twin, twin data management, and “virtual-real interaction, virtual control of real”. Based on the existing commercial software and platforms, four main digital twin model construction methods are proposed, which can easily construct the twin model. At present, if the digital twin model of subgrade and pavement structure is to truly achieve “real reflection of the virtual, virtual reflection of the reality”, the focus is still on the mechanical behavior and mechanism of the subgrade and pavement structure. Accurate mechanical behavior and mechanism expression formulas and mathematical models can enable the digital twin model to achieve a true “twin” in the “virtual reflection” stage, that is, subgrade and pavement engineering entity equal to the twin model’s with dynamic and static changes.