液态金属在电气领域的应用与展望

Applications and Prospects of Liquid Metals in the Electrical Field

液态金属是一种具有独特物理属性的功能材料,在常温下处于液相状态,具有导电性强,热导率高、可重复利用等特点,多用于限流技术、3D打印、柔性电子、储能等领域。近年来,液态金属在国内外学者的探索研究下已经成为重大科技前沿热点。为此回顾了国内外几种典型液态金属的发展历程,对液态金属的热力学性能、导电性能、流动性能等进行了介绍;从应用原理、工作性能等方面总结了液态金属在故障限流器领域、开关领域、磁流体发电领域、储能电池领域的研究现状,并提出了在这些领域未来的研究重点;基于液态金属的性能,对其在特高压直流电气开断中能量快速耗散、滑动电接触等领域的潜在应用进行了展望。

Liquid metals are a kind of functional material with unique physical properties.They are in a liquid phase at normal temperatures,possessing the characteristics of strong electrical conductivity,high thermal conductivity,repeatable utilization and etc.They are mainly used in electrical disconnection,3D printing,magnetic fluid power generation,energy storage and other fields.In recent years,liquid metals have become a major science and technology frontier hotspot under the exploration and research of scholars at home and abroad.This paper reviews the development of several typical liquid metals at home and abroad,and introduces the thermodynamic properties,electrical conductivity and flow properties of liquid metals.Meanwhile,this paper summarizes the status of research in the field of fault limiter,switch,flexible electronics,and energy storage battery from the application principle,working performance,etc,and suggests future research priorities in these areas.Based on the properties of liquid metals,the prospects in research and potential applications in the fields of rapid energy dissipation and sliding electrical contact are put forward.