聚酰亚胺复合电介质材料绝缘击穿特性研究进展

Research Progress in Insulation Breakdown Characteristics of Polyimide Composite Dielectrics

聚酰亚胺及其复合电介质材料以其优异的综合性能吸引了研究人员的广泛关注。随着杜邦公司首次合成了商业化的聚酰亚胺薄膜以及我国特高压输电工程的发展,聚酰亚胺及其复合电介质材料被广泛应用于高压电气设备的绝缘领域,对电气设备乃至整个电网的安全稳定运行起着重要的作用。然而,偏低的绝缘强度已经不能满足高压电气设备薄型化、大功率的发展需求。为此首先从载流子陷阱、自由体积以及阻挡效应这3个方面梳理了聚合物微观特性与绝缘强度的关系,随后从有机/无机复合与全有机复合两方面展开介绍了以聚酰亚胺为基体的复合电介质材料绝缘击穿特性的研究进展,最后,结合高压电气设备未来发展需求,总结并展望了强绝缘聚酰亚胺复合电介质材料存在的关键问题以及未来研究方向。

Polyimide and their composite dielectrics have attracted extensive attention of researchers because of their excellent comprehensive properties.With the first synthesis of commercial polyimide films by DuPont and the development of UHV transmission projects in China,polyimide and their composite dielectrics are widely used in the insulation field of high-voltage electrical equipment,and play an important role in the safe and stable operation of electrical equipment and even the entire power grid.However,the low breakdown strength can no longer satisfy the development requirements of thinness and high-power of high-voltage electrical equipment.In this paper,the relationship between the microscopic characteristics of the polymer and the breakdown strength is discussed from three aspects of carrier traps,free volume and blocking effect.Then,the research progress in insulation breakdown characteristics of polyimide composite dielectrics is introduced emphatically from two aspects of organic/inorganic composite and all-organic composite.Finally,combined with the future development needs of high-voltage electrical equipment,the key issues and future research directions of high-insulating polyimide composites are summarized and prospected.