不同穴播模式对玉米生长及产量构成的影响

Effects of More Plants Per Hole on Maize Growth and Yield Components

【目的】研究相同密度下不同穴播模式及株行距配置对新疆玉米生长及产量构成的影响。【方法】以玉米品种新玉59号为材料,在覆膜滴灌条件下,分别设置相同密度的1穴1株(H_(1))和1穴3株(H_(3))2种穴播模式,分析不同穴播模式及株行距配置下,玉米生育期内生物学性状指标及产量构成的变化。【结果】在同一种植密度下,H_(3)处理在拔节期的叶面积显著大于H_(1)处理。H_(3)在抽雄期、灌浆期的叶面积指数比H_(1)处理分别高16%、9%,光合势比H_(1)处理分别高18%、25%;H_(1)处理的株高为227.70 cm,茎粗为18.01 mm,比H_(3)处理高11%和5%。H_(3)处理的有效穗数、穗粒数比H_(1)处理高10%、7%,差异达到显著水平。1穴3株(H_(3))处理的产量为11825 kg/hm^(2),较H_(1)增产16%,且显著高于H_(1)处理。【结论】1穴3株种植模式显著促进了玉米叶面积的增长,延缓后期叶片的衰老,有助于后期光合产物的积累,抽雄期后叶面积指数、光合势提高,促进了玉米的生殖生长,提高了穗粒质量和玉米籽粒产量。在新疆玉米主产区,密度为139500株/hm^(2)(9300株/667m^(2))下,1穴3株种植模式及适宜的株行距配置有利于实现玉米高产。

【Objective】To elucidate the effects of different hole sowing patterns and plant row spacing on maize growth and yield components in Xinjiang.【Method】Taking maize variety Xinyu 59 as experimental material,under the condition of film mulching drip irrigation,two hole sowing modes of one hole one plant(H_(1))and one hole three plants(H_(3))with the same density were set respectively to analyze the changes of biological characters and yield components in maize growth period under different hole sowing modes and plant row spacing configuration.【Result】The results showed that:under the same planting density,the leaf area of H_(3)treatment at jointing stage was significantly larger than that of H_(1)treatment.The leaf area index of H_(3)was 16%and 9%higher than that of H_(1)at tasseling stage and filling stage,respectively,and the photosynthetic potential of H_(3)was 18%and 25%higher than that of H_(1);The plant height and stem diameter of H_(1)treatment were 227.70 cm and 18.01 mm respectively,which were 11%and 5%higher than those of H_(3)treatment.The effective panicle number and grain number per panicle of H_(3)treatment were 10%and 7%higher than that of H_(1)treatment,and the difference was significant.The yield of H_(3)was 11825 kg/hm^(2),16%higher than that of H_(1),and significantly higher than that of H_(1).【Conclusion】The treatment of three plants in one hole significantly promoted the growth of leaf area,delayed the senescence of leaves at later stage,and contributed to the accumulation of photosynthetic products at later stage.After tasseling stage,the leaf area index and photosynthetic potential increased,promoted the reproductive growth of maize,and improved the ear grain quality and grain yield of maize.In the main corn production area of Xinjiang,the planting pattern of three plants in one hole and the suitable spacing between plants and rows are conducive to achieve the goal of high yield of corn under the density of 139500 plants/hm^(2)(9300 plants/667m^(2)).