论关羽形象中“权”的因素及其文化蕴含

On the Factors of "Power" in Guan Yu’s Image and Its Cultural Implication

无论在历史载记中还是在小说戏曲中,“义”“勇”“刚”皆为关羽形象的核心特质。《三国志通俗演义》不仅写了关羽的“义”“勇”“刚”,也写了关羽的“权”,这是关羽形象的又一特质,也是其形象复杂性的一个重要成因。“义”“勇”“刚”与“权”相结合,既坚守道义、不悖伦常,又审时度势、通权达变,既正义凛然、英勇无畏,又因地制宜、随机应变,构成关羽完整的人格形象。能够并善于用“权”,是关羽区别于张飞、马超等勇武形象,深受社会各阶层普遍尊崇与认同的一个重要原因,体现了古人对大丈夫人格、大英雄形象的富于民族特色的体认,反映出古人原则性与灵活性并重的民族文化心理。

In order to cater for the folk’s worship and deification of Guan Yu, Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty granted Guan Yu the title of "King Wu’an of Yi", which was widely recognized by later generations. "Righteousness", "bravery" and "toughness" represents the core characteristics of Guan Yu’s image. The Popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms not only describes Guan Yu’s "righteousness", "courage" and "toughness", but also defines his "power", which is another characteristic of his image and an important factor of its complexity. Guan Yu’s personality image is composed of " righteousness", "courage", "toughness" and "power". He not only upholds morality and justice, follows traditional ethics, assesses the situation and changes power, but also adapts measures to local conditions and acts according to circumstances. He is adept at using "power", which is an important factor why Guan Yu differs from Zhang Fei, Ma Chao and other brave characters and is widely respected and recognized by people from all social walks. It reflects the ancient people’s recognition of the personality of a man and the image of a great hero, which is full of national characteristics, and reflects their national cultural psychology of attaching equal importance to principle and flexibility.