一次爆破成井技术在自然崩落法聚矿槽施工中的应用

Application of one-shot blasting technique in ore-gathering trough excavation of block caving mining method

在自然崩落法开采中,聚矿槽主要采用机械钻进盲天井提供爆破自由面,施工成本较高,效率低,安全性差。为解决自然崩落法矿山盲天井的施工问题,以普朗铜矿为例,从盲天井施工的关键参数选取、爆破设计、设备选型等方面出发,通过理论分析与现场试验验证相结合的方法,提出一种一次爆破成井的盲天井施工方法。在普朗铜矿进行试验获得成功,并实现推广。与传统方法对比,聚矿槽盲天井的施工工期缩短了70%,成本降低了80%~90%,成井质量效果良好。在普朗铜矿实施的高效中深孔爆破一次成井实例,不仅施工安全,节约成本,更可为国内外自然崩落法类似矿山的聚矿槽施工提供重要参考借鉴经验。

The mechanical drilled blind shafts are generally used to provide blasting-free space for ore-gathering trough excavation in block caving.However,this technique has the disadvantages of high cost,low efficiency,and poor safety.To solve the construction problems of blind shafts for block caving,taking the Pulang copper mine as an example,this paper presents a one-shot blasting method for blind shaft excavation.Theoretical analysis from key-parameter selection,blasting design,and equipment selection was performed and then verified in the field test.This method has been successfully tested and popularized in the Pulang copper mine.Compared with the traditional method,the construction period of the blind shaft is shortened by 70%,the cost is reduced by 80%-90%,and the shaft completion quality is good.The technique of high-efficiency one-shot deep hole blasting for shaft excavation is safe and cost-effective.The application provides an important reference for similar block-caving mines at home and abroad.