青岛市部分中小学生近视病因知晓情况调查

Survey on the understanding of the causes of myopia among students of primary and middle schools in Qingdao

目的调查青岛平度市小学高年级学生与初中生对近视病因的了解程度,为制定相应干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用整群抽样的方式,从青岛平度市抽取2所小学和2所初中共1316名学生进行近视病因认知调查,要求其列举至少5个近视病因。结果中小学生近视病因总知晓率由高到低依次是视屏时间长(63.75%)、课业负担重(55.78%)、读写姿势不正确(55.62%)、熬夜(33.97%)、用眼时间过长(32.07%)、暗光读书(25.30%)、眼操不足(24.39%)、遗传(15.96%)、强光读书(11.09%)、户外活动少(10.03%)、饮食不合理(9.12%)、光照不足(2.05%);男生近视病因知晓率高于女生的有课业负担重、用眼时间过长、户外活动少;女生近视病因知晓率高于男生的有读写姿势不正确、熬夜、眼操不足。小学生病因知晓率高于初中生的有读写姿势不正确、眼操不足;初中生病因知晓率高于小学生的有遗传、熬夜、课业负担重、户外活动少、用眼时间过长、饮食不合理。结论青岛平度市部分中小学生对近视病因的了解程度还有所欠缺,不同性别和学段学生近视病因认知有差异。

Objective To investigate the knowledge of the causes of myopia among senior students of primary schools and junior middle schools in Pingdu City,Qingdao,for the purpose of establishing a scientific basis for the formulation of corresponding intervention measures.Methods Cluster sampling method was adopted by selecting 1316 students from 2 primary schools and 2 junior middle schools in Pingdu city,Qingdao,to investigate the cognitive causes of myopia,and asking them to list no less than 5 causes of myopia.Results The total awareness rates of the causes of myopia in primary and middle school studengts was from high to low are long screen time(63.75%),heavy schoolwork burden(55.78%),incorrect reading and writing postures(55.62%),staying up late(33.97%),using eyes for too long(32.07%),reading in dark light(25.30%),insufficient eye exercises(24.39%),heredity(15.96%),reading in strong light(11.09%),lack of outdoor activities(10.03%),unreasonable diet(9.12%)and insufficient light(2.05%).Boys′awareness rate of the causes of myopia is higher than that of girls in terms of heavy schoolwork burden,using eyes for too long and less outdoor activities.The awareness rate of the causes of myopia in girls is higher than that in boys in terms of reading and writing postures,staying up late and insufficient eye exercises.The awareness rate of primary school students is higher than that of junior middle school students for incorrect reading,and writing postures,and insufficient eye exercises.The awareness rate of junior middle school students is higher than that of primary school students,for heredity,staying up late,heavy schoolwork burden,less outdoor activities,using eyes for too long and unreasonable diet.Conclusions The knowledge on the causes of myopia among some primary and middle school students in Pingdu,Qingdao,is still insufficient.There are differences in the cognition of myopia etiology among students of different genders and stages of study.