大花棘豆的性状与显微特征研究

Macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of Oxytropis grandiflora (Pall.) DC.

采用性状及显微鉴别方法对大花棘豆[Oxytropis grandiflora(Pall.)DC.]进行性状特征、组织结构和粉末特征的分析,为大花棘豆提供科学准确的性状和显微鉴别特征。大花棘豆干燥全草的性状特征为:绿色或黄绿色,基生叶矩圆状,单数羽状复叶;蝶形花冠,红紫色或蓝紫色;长圆状卵形或长圆形的果;气微,味微苦、涩。显微特征为:叶轴横切面的维管束为外韧型,20~24个,大小间隔排列成环;叶为等面叶,上表皮栅栏组织通过主脉,下表皮由厚角组织替代;主脉维管束为外韧型,类圆形;粉末中可见类圆形的花粉粒、成束的纤维、单细胞的非腺毛、具缘纹孔导管、不定式气孔。本研究首次明确了大花棘豆全草的性状和显微特征,为该品种的鉴别和棘豆属资源的进一步开发利用提供理论依据。

To provide a scientific and accurate macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of Oxytropis grandiflora(Pall.)DC.,its properties,tissue structure and powder characteristics were studied.The results showed that the macroscopic traits are as follows:green or yellowish green in color,the basal leaves are rectangular,and the odd pinnate compound leaves;butterfly-shaped corolla,red-purple or blue-purple;oblong-ovate or oblong fruit;odor slight,taste slightly bitter,astringent.The microscopic features are as the following:the vascular bundles of the leaf rachis in cross section are extrinsically tough,20-24 in number,arranged in rings at intervals in size;the leaves are isohedral,with the upper epidermal palisade tissue passing through the main veins and the lower epidermis replaced by collenchyma;the vascular bundle of the main vein is external tough,round-like;round-like pollen grains,bundled fibers,unicellular non-glandular hairs,bardered pit vessels,and amorphous stomata are visible in the powder.This study identifies the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of Oxytropis grandiflora(Pall.)DC.for the first time,providing a theoretical basis for the identification of this species and the further development and utilization of Oxytropis resources.