2021-2022年1月韶关市献血人群中血源性传染病的流行病学调查

Epidemiological Survey of Blood-borne Infectious Diseases among Blood Donors in Shaoguan City from 2021 to January 2022

目的:分析2021-2022年1月韶关市献血人群中血源性传染病的检测情况,探究血液安全隐患,保证血源质量和供血安全。方法:采用多级随机整体抽样的横断面调查,选取韶关市中心血站2021年1月-2022年1月5098例献血者作为研究对象,收集献血者人口学特征资料,主要包括性别、年龄等,并采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)与核酸检测(NAT)技术对其血液标本血源性传染病感染情况进行筛查,分析献血人群中血源性传染病感染情况。结果:韶关市5098例献血者经血样检查,去除不合格血样24例,实际检查5074例。韶关市5074例献血者中无血源性传染病5001例,为未发生组,有血源性传染病73例,为发生组。12例献血者存在多重感染,发生率为16.44%,乙型肝炎病毒占比最高,梅毒螺旋体次之,分别为38.36%、20.55%。发生组初次献血、18~31岁、高中学历及个体自愿比例均高于未发生组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:2021-2022年1月韶关市地区献血人群中血源性传染病与献血者年龄、献血次数、受教育程度及招募方式相关。

Objective:To analyze the detection of blood-borne infectious diseases among blood donors in Shaoguan City from 2021 to January 2022,explore the hidden dangers of blood safety,and ensure the quality and safety of blood supply.Method:A cross-sectional survey was conducted by multistage random overall sampling.The 5098 blood donors from January 2021 to January 2022 in Shaoguan City Center Blood Station were selected as the research object,and the demographic characteristics of blood donors were collected,including sex,age,etc.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)and nucleic acid testing(NAT)technology were used to screen the infection of blood-borne infectious diseases in their blood samples and analyze the infection of blood-borne infectious diseases among blood donors.Result:A total of 5098 blood donors in Shaoguan City were examined.Among them,24 unqualified blood samples were removed and 5074 were actually examined.Among the 5074 blood donors in Shaoguan City,5001 cases without blood-borne infectious diseases were classified as non-occurrence group and 73 cases with blood-borne infectious diseases were classified as occurrence group.12 blood donors had multiple infections,and the incidence rate was 16.44%,hepatitis B virus accounted for the most,followed by treponema pallidum,with the incidence rates respectively was 38.36%,20.55%.The first blood donation,age of 18-31,high school education and individual voluntary ratio in the occurrence group were higher than those in the non-occurrence group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:Blood-borne infectious diseases among blood donors in Shaoguan City from 2021 to January 2022 are related to the age of blood donors,the number of blood donations,education level and recruitment methods.