分体式空调住宅建筑不同运行模式对人体热反应的影响研究

the Influence of Different Operating Modes on Human Thermal Response in Split Air-conditioned Residential Buildings

我国分体式空调建筑夏季常采用空调(AC)和自然通风(NV)相结合的混合模式(MM)运行。为了解该类建筑中不同运行模式对室内热环境和人体热反应的影响,本研究以焦作住宅建筑为调研对象,采用主观问卷调查和室内外热环境参数测试相结合的方法,共收集了522份数据。结果表明:即使AC、NV和MM模式分别有8.1%、14.4%和0%的室内热湿环境状态处于舒适区间,仍有超过80%的居民对室内热环境感到满意;AC模式的居民比NV模式感觉更凉爽,更干燥,风感觉更强,热舒适度和热可接受度更高,但两种模式80%可接受温度的上限比较接近,约为30℃;室内热经历主要影响热感觉和热期望,感知控制主要影响热舒适度和热可接受度;当室外温度在30℃以下时,居民的适应机会充分,可以利用生理、心理、服装和开窗等适应机会改善自身热舒适,中性温度随室外温度升高而升高,因此建议采用自适应模型来评价。但当室外温度超过30℃,上述适应机会受限,居民的可接受温度上限为30℃。以上结果可为我国分体式空调住宅建筑的室内热环境设计和热舒适评价提供理论基础。

In China,split air-conditioned buildings often operate in a mixed mode(MM)that integrates air conditioning(AC)and natural ventilation(NV)in summer.To understand the influence of different operation modes on indoor thermal environment and human thermal response in these buildings,this study took Jiaozuo residential buildings as the research object and collected 522 data by combining subjective questionnaire survey and indoor and outdoor thermal environment parameter testing.The results show that,although 8.1%,14.4%and 0%of AC,NV and MM modes are in the comfort zone respectively,more than 80%of residents are satisfied with the indoor thermal environment.In AC mode,the residents feel cooler,drier,more comfortable and have a stronger feeling of wind,higher thermal comfort and thermal acceptability than in NV mode,but the upper limit of 80%acceptable temperature is close,about 30℃.Indoor thermal history mainly affects thermal sensation and thermal expectation,while perceptual control mainly influences thermal comfort and thermal acceptability.When the outdoor temperature is below 30℃,residents have sufficient opportunity to adapt,and they can take advantage of physiology,psychology,clothing,window opening and other adaptive opportunities to improve their thermal comfort.The neutral temperature increases with the outdoor temperature,so it is recommended to adopt an adaptive model to evaluate.However,when the outdoor temperature exceeds 30℃,the above adaptation opportunity is limited,and the upper limit of acceptable temperature is 30℃.The above results can provide a theoretical basis for the indoor thermal environment design and thermal comfort evaluation of split air-conditioned residential buildings in China.