肝细胞肝癌免疫治疗外周血生物标志物的研究进展

Research and progress of peripheral blood biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma immunotherapy

肝细胞肝癌(HCC)是全球第六大最常见的恶性疾病,也是导致癌症相关死亡的主要原因之一。目前对于晚期HCC患者的治疗手段十分有限,而作为近年来晚期癌症治疗方案的重要研究方向,免疫治疗已取得了较好的研究成果。截至当前,学者们已经试验了多种免疫治疗方法,利用免疫检查点抑制剂(ICIs)治疗晚期癌症的方案取得了不小的进展。ICIs通过抑制免疫检查点,增强抗肿瘤免疫,为晚期癌症患者的治疗提供了新的思路。然而,免疫治疗仍无法彻底治愈肝癌,且仅适用于一小部分患者。在当前肝癌大环境的背景下,肿瘤学的一个重点研究方向是了解预测免疫治疗临床反应的生物标志物,借此改善患者选择,以最大限度地发挥临床效益,并避免不必要的毒性。相较肿瘤及周围组织生物标志物,外周血生物标志物依靠其无创检测的优势,在临床研究及使用方面具有独特的作用。在这篇综述中总结了对HCC患者免疫治疗临床反应及预后疗效起关键预测作用的外周血生物标志物,以期为临床提供参考。

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the sixth most common malignant disease in the world and one of the main causes of cancer-related death.At present,the treatment of patients with advanced HCC is very limited,and as an important research direction of advanced cancer treatment in recent years,immunotherapy has achieved good results.Up to now,scholars have tested a variety of immunotherapy methods,and the use of immune checkpoint inhibitor(ICIs)in the treatment of advanced cancer has made considerable progress.However,immunotherapy is still incurable for HCC,and the benefit of treatment is limited to a small number of patients.In the current context of liver cancer,one of the key research directions of oncology is to understand the biomarkers that predict the clinical response of immunotherapy,so as to improve patient selection,maximize clinical benefits and avoid unnecessary toxicity.Compared with tumor and surrounding tissue biomarkers,peripheral blood biomarkers play a unique role in clinical research and use because of their advantages of non-invasive detection.In this review,we summarize the peripheral blood biomarkers that play a key role in predicting the clinical response and prognosis of HCC patients.