摘要
人类扩散至青藏高原腹地的时间可追溯至深海氧同位素3阶段晚期,目前我们对该历史过程知之甚少,西藏尼阿底遗址为探讨古代人群向高原扩散的行为模式提供了重要线索.石器技术分析与文化对比研究结果表明,尼阿底独特的石叶遗存为典型旧石器时代晚期石叶技术,由于高原上缺少更早或同时期的相关遗址,其来源指向低海拔地区.现有考古学证据表明,尼阿底与中国宁夏水洞沟和亚洲北部的考古遗址具有密切联系,是早期现代人迁徙和文化互动的结果.GIS最低成本路径分析提示,高原腹地与平原地区石叶技术人群的交流存在两条可能性较大的路线:一是西伯利亚和蒙古国北部横穿戈壁,经水洞沟连接高原腹地;二是北亚地区绕戈壁边缘经中国东北连通水洞沟及青藏高原.
Reaching the Tibetan Plateau is notoriously challenging due to its high elevations and the surrounding mountain ranges.Considering environmental pressures such as low temperatures and precipitations,patchy resources,and especially hypoxia,continued survival in the region requires both biological and behavioral adaptations.This is probably why for a long time the Plateau was considered among the last regions occupied by human beings.
作者
张佩琪
张晓凌
李林辉
何伟
达瓦
靳英帅
葛俊逸
Nicolas Zwyns
王社江
高星
Peiqi Zhang;Xiaoling Zhang;Linhui Li;Wei He;Dawa;Yingshuai Jin;Junyi Ge;Nicolas Zwyns;Shejiang Wang;Xing Gao(Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins,Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100044,China;Department of Anthropology,University of California,Davis CA 95616,USA;Tibetan Cultural Relics Conservation Institute,Lhasa 850000,China;Nagqu Cultural Relics Bureau,Nagqu 852000,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)
基金
supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (2019QZKK0601)
the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB26030200 and XDA2004010102)
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42072033 and 41977380)
the National Social Science Foundation of China (21@WTK001)。
