复杂性思维视域下乒乓球运动员竞技能力系统研究

Research on Competitive Ability System of Table Tennis Players under Perspective of Complex Thinking

复杂性思维作为一种全新的思维方式,已经成为科学研究的新范式,越来越被体育研究者关注.在传统的简单性思维方式下,乒乓球运动员竞技能力研究表现出还原性、线性、确定性等特征,随着乒乓球理论研究的不断深入,其局限性日益显露.用复杂性思维去审视乒乓球运动员竞技能力系统,不难发现系统的整体属性完全超越了各个子系统结构、属性和功能的集合,系统属于复杂系统,复杂性是其重要特性.乒乓球运动员竞技能力系统的复杂性主要来源于四个方面:一是源于竞技能力系统主体——“人”本身的复杂性;二是源于竞技能力系统组分数量多、差异性大的复杂性;三是源于竞技能力系统分层多且层次结构相互嵌套的复杂性;四是源于竞技能力系统不断地与外界环境之间进行着物质、能量和信息交换的复杂性.乒乓球运动员竞技能力系统的复杂性特征主要表现为整体性、非线性和不确定性.依据乒乓球运动员竞技能力系统的复杂性,重构复杂性思维视域下的乒乓球理论研究,将有助于实现乒乓球理论研究逐渐从简单性范式走向复杂性范式.

As a brand-new way of thinking, complexity thinking has become a new paradigm of scientific research and is being highly concerned by more and more sports scholars.Under the traditional thinking mode of simplicity, the research on the competitive ability of table tennis players has the characteristics of reducibility, linearity and determinacy.Examining the system of table tennis players’ competitive ability with the complex thinking, it is not difficult to find that the whole attribute of the system completely surpasses the set of the structure, attribute and function of each subsystem, and the system belongs to the complex system, complexity is an important characteristic.The complexity of the competitive ability system of table tennis players mainly comes from the complexity of the main body of the system, the complexity of the diversity of the components of the system, the complexity of the hierarchical structure of the system and the complexity of the openness of the system, the complexity of the system is characterized by integrality, nonlinearity and uncertainty.According to the complexity of the competitive ability system of table tennis players, the reconstruction of the theoretical study of table tennis from the perspective of complexity thinking is helpful to realize the gradual change of the theoretical study of table tennis from simplicity paradigm to complexity paradigm.