不同温度对方斑东风螺生理代谢的影响

Effects of different temperatures on the physiological metabolism of Babylonia areolate

为了研究温度对方斑东风螺(Babylonia areolata)能量收支的影响,作者采用室内静水法,分析了不同养殖水体温度条件下方斑东风螺幼螺的摄食率、排粪率、耗氧率、排氨率、黏液排泄率的变化规律。结果表明,方斑东风螺摄食率、排粪率、耗氧率和排氨率均随温度升高呈现先上升后下降趋势。其中各温度处理组摄食率差异显著(P<0.05),在23℃时最低为2.548±0.093mg/(g/h),29℃时最高为4.958±0.150 mg/(g/h);排粪率为1.695±0.037~2.892±0.074 mg/(g/h),在29℃时达到最高;耗氧率在29℃时最高为0.437±0.054mg/(g/h),23℃时最低为0.202±0.027 mg/(g/h);在本实验条件下,方斑东风螺排氨率为0.009±0.001~0.025±0.003mg/(g/h),各温度处理组间均有显著差异(P<0.05),且在29℃时最高为0.025±0.003 mg/(g/h)。黏液排泄率在23℃时最高为0.030±0.001 mg/(g/h),显著高于其他各温度组(P<0.05)。基于不同温度下能量收支方程,得出26℃下方斑东风螺生长余能最多,占摄入总能量的37.855%,其次是29℃、32℃和23℃,分别为37.850%、32.098%和30.438%。

The ivory shell Babylonia areolata belongs to the class Gastropoda,order Stenoglossa,and family Buccinidae and is widely cultured in the southeastern coastal provinces of China,including Hainan,Guangdong,and Fujian Provinces.During the daily rearing of B.areolate,temperature fluctuations occur,often caused by extreme weather,such as extreme heat and cold,and lead to a reduction in growth rate and even death.In this study,to explore the effects of temperature on the energy metabolism of B.areolata,we analyzed the changes in feeding rate,fecal excretion rate,oxygen consumption rate,ammonia excretion rate,and mucus excretion rate of B.areolata under different temperatures using the indoor hydrostatic method.The results showed that the feeding rate,fecal excretion rate,oxygen consumption rate,and ammonia excretion rate of B.areolata showed an increasing and then decreasing trend with the increase in temperature.There were significant differences in the feeding rates among the treatment groups(P<0.05),with the lowest rate of 2.548±0.093 mg/(g/h) at 23 ℃ and the highest rate of 4.958±0.150 mg/(g/h) at 29 ℃;the fecal discharge rates ranged from 1.695±0.037 to 2.892±0.074 mg/(g/h),and the highest rate was observed at 29 ℃.The highest and lowest oxygen consumption rates were 0.437±0.054 and 0.202±0.027 mg/(g/h) at 29 ℃ and 23 ℃,respectively;the ammonia excretion rate was 0.009±0.001–0.025±0.003 mg/(g/h)under experimental conditions,in which the highest rate was observed at 29 ℃(0.025±0.003 mg/(g/h)).The temperature treatment group exhibited significant differences in ammonia excretion rates(P<0.05).The mucus excretion rate was 0.030±0.001 mg/(g/h) at 23 ℃,which was significantly higher than other groups(P<0.05).Based on the energy balance equation at different temperatures,it can be concluded that the residual energy for the growth of B.areolata was the highest at 26 ℃,accounting for 37.855% of the total energy intake,followed by 37.850%,32.098%,and 30.438% at 29 ℃,32 ℃,and 23 ℃,respectively.In conclusion,the suitable culture temperature levels for B.areolata were 26 ℃ and 29 ℃ according to the energy metabolism.