小麦不同穗位籽粒品质和形态性状分析

Analysis of Wheat Kernel Quality and Morphological Characteristics at Different Spikelet Positions

为探明小麦不同穗位籽粒品质和形态性状的变化规律,以济麦22、中麦175和周麦18为材料,分别在开花后10、15、20、25、30、35和45d对其籽粒的蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉降值、长度、宽度和千粒重进行测定。结果表明,在开花后15~35d,其蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉降值、长度、宽度和千粒重总体呈升高的趋势,在开花后35~45d,其蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉降值、长度、宽度和千粒重总体呈下降的趋势,但下降不明显。小麦籽粒蛋白质含量和湿面筋含量总体上表现为下部穗位最高,中部穗位其次,上部穗位最低,中部穗位和下部穗位差别不大,但均高于上部穗位。小麦籽粒长度、宽度和千粒重总体表现为中部穗位最高,下部穗位其次,上部穗位最低,中部穗位和下部穗位差别不明显,但均明显高于上部穗位。本结论可为今后提高小麦产量和改良品质提供参考。

In order to clarify the changes in wheat grain quality and morphological characteristics at different spikelet positions, using Jimai 22, Zhongmai 175 and Zhoumai 18 as materials, the protein content, wet gluten content, sedimentation value, seed length, seed width and 1000-grain weight were evaluated on the 10th, 15th,20th, 25th, 30th, 35th and 45th day after flowering. The results showed that these indicators had generally increased from 15d to 35d after flowering and decreased from 35d to 45d after flowering, but the decrease was not obvious. The contents of protein and wet gluten at lower ear position were the highest, followed by the middle ear position, and the upper ear position was the lowest. There was little difference in contents of protein and wet gluten between the middle ear position and the lower ear position, with both higher than the upper ear position. The seed length, seed width and 1000-grain weight of middle ear position were the highest, followed by the lower ear position, and the upper ear position was the lowest. There were little difference in seed length, seed width and 1000-grain weight between the middle ear position and the lower ear position, with both higher than the upper ear position. These result provide a reference for increasing yield and quality of wheat.