西北黄土高原旱作区不同地膜覆盖种植模式谷田水温效应及水分利用效率研究

Study on Water Temperature Effects and Water Use Efficiency of Paddy Field under Different Plastic Film Mulching Planting Patterns in Arid Area of Loess Plateau in Northwest China

针对西北黄土高原旱作区年降水量不足、水资源分布不均及春季大风干旱等造成的谷子产量不高、水分利用率低等生产问题,设置裸地平作种植(CK)、PE膜全覆膜起垄穴播(T1)、渗水地膜半覆膜起垄穴播(T2)和PE膜半覆膜起垄穴播(T3)4个处理,研究不同地膜覆盖种植模式对谷田播种前和收获后0~100cm土壤含水量、不同生育期0~40cm土壤含水量、0~30cm土壤温度、谷子农艺性状、产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,3种地膜覆盖模式均不同程度地改善了谷子生育期内土壤的水温状况,提高了谷子的群体水分利用率、产量及相关农艺性状。4种处理播种前和收获后0~100cm土壤含水量、不同生育期0~40cm土壤含水量、0~30cm土壤温度均为T1>T2>T3>CK。3种覆膜处理的单穗重、单穗粒重、千粒重和产量均显著高于CK处理,T1和T2处理与T3处理差异显著。T1、T3和T2处理的群体水分利用率分别较CK处理提高了7.55、1.05和1.65kg/(mm·hm^(2))。PE膜全覆膜起垄穴播模式可作为西北黄土高原区谷子生产的高产高效栽培技术模式。

Aiming at the problems of low millet yield and low water use efficiency caused by insufficient annual precipitation, uneven distribution of water resources and spring gale and drought in the dry farming area of the Loess Plateau in Northwest China. Four treatments were set up, including bare ground flat planting(CK),PE film full-mulching ridging and hole sowing(T1), permeable film half-mulching ridging and hole sowing(T2),and PE film half-mulching ridging and hole sowing(T3). The effects of different treatment on soil moisture content in 0-100cm before sowing and after harvest, soil moisture content in 0-40cm at different growth stages,soil temperature in 0-30cm, agronomic traits, yield and water use efficiency of millet were studied. The results showed that the three plastic film mulching techniques improved the soil water temperature during the growth period of millet and improved the population water use efficiency, yield and related agronomic traits of millet.The soil water content of 0-100cm before sowing and after harvest, the soil water content of 0-40cm at different growth stages, and the soil temperature of 0-30cm in the four treatments were T1 > T2 > T3 > CK. The panicle weight, grain weight per panicle, 1000-grain weight and yield of the three film mulching treatments were significantly higher than that of CK treatment. There were significant differences between T1, T2 and T3treatments. The population water use efficiency of T1, T3 and T2 treatment were 7.55, 1.05 and 1.65kg/(mm·ha)higher than that of CK. The PE film mulching ridging and hole sowing mode can be used as a high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation technique mode for millet production in the Northwest Loess Plateau.