生物炭用量对灌区春小麦干物质和氮素积累、转运及产量的影响

Effects of Biochar Dosage on Accumulation and Transport of Dry Matter and Nitrogen and Yield of Spring Wheat in Irrigated Area

研究了单施不同量生物炭与氮肥减量配施生物炭对灌区春小麦干物质和氮素积累、转运及产量的影响,为化肥减量和生物炭的农业利用提供科学依据。设置4个生物炭用量水平(0、10、20、30t/hm^(2))和2个氮肥用量水平(0、150kg/hm^(2)),通过2年田间定位试验,于2020年对春小麦干物质和氮素积累、分配、转运及春小麦产量进行分析。结果表明,与单纯施氮相比,施用不同量生物炭或氮肥减量配施生物炭均显著提高了春小麦产量(P<0.05),增产幅度为6.4%~20.2%,其中氮肥减量配施中量生物炭(N 150kg/hm^(2),生物炭20t/hm^(2))时,春小麦干物质积累量及转运量较对照分别提高18.8%和85.0%,转运效率也显著提升;氮素转运量及转运效率分别提高52.8%和19.8%。生物炭施用对促进春小麦干物质和氮素积累、转运效果显著,有利于春小麦产量提升。在本试验条件下,氮肥150kg/hm^(2)配施生物炭20t/hm^(2)的增产效果最佳。

The effects of single application of different amounts of biochar and nitrogen reduction combined application of biochar on dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and translocation and yield of spring wheat in irrigated area were studied to provide scientific basis for fertilizer reduction and agricultural utilization of biochar. Four levels of biochar(0, 10, 20, 30t/ha) and two levels of nitrogen fertilizer(0, 150kg/ha) were set.Through a two-year field experiment, the dry matter, nitrogen accumulation, distribution and transportation and spring wheat yield were analyzed in 2020. The results showed that, compared with nitrogen reduction alone,application of different amounts of biochar or nitrogen reduction combined with biochar significantly increased the yield of spring wheat(P < 0.05), the increase range was 6.4%-20.2%, in which nitrogen reduction combined with medium amount of biochar(N 150kg/ha, biochar 20t/ha) had the best effect. Compared with the control, dry matter accumulation and transport amounts were increased by 18.8% and 85.0%, respectively, and transport efficiency was also significantly improved. Nitrogen transport amount and transport efficiency were increased by52.8% and 19.8%, respectively. The effects of biochar application on dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and transport of spring wheat were significant, and were beneficial to increase the yield of spring wheat. Under the conditions of this experiment, biochar(20t/ha) combined with nitrogen(150kg/ha) had the highest yield.