现行法下继承扶养协议的应然解释路径

Proper Interpretation Path of Inheritance and Maintenance Agreement under Current Law

目前许多父母与子女之间有约定分担赡养义务和分配遗产归属的协议,因没有法律明文规定,在被继承人死亡后,子女之间因该协议引发的遗产分割纠纷现象时有发生,各地法院对此类案件的审判也不尽一致。囿于立法的稳定性与相对迟滞性,此次民法典修改对此种协议没有作出明文规定。立足现行的法律体系和民法原理,为此类协议提出符合法律精神的解释路径:法定继承人之间签订的此类协议应产生债法上一般效力;被继承人与法定继承人之间签订的涉及扶养与继承权取得内容的“协议”应为附停止条件遗嘱。

At present, there are many agreements between parents and their children on sharing support obligations and distribution of inheritance. Since there is no explicit provision in the law, disputes between children over the division of inheritance arising from such agreements are common after the death of the decedent, and the courts are not consistent in adjudicating such cases. Due to the stability and relative delay of the legislation, this amendment to the Civil Code does not explicitly provide for such agreements. Based on the current legal system and principles of civil law, this paper proposes an interpretation path for such agreements: such agreements signed between legal heirs shall have the general effect of debt law;“agreements” signed between the decedent and legal heirs involving support and acquisition of inheritance rights shall be wills with conditions of cessation.