外源添加剂对富磷餐厨废弃物堆肥磷素活化的影响

EFFECT OF EXOGENOUS ADDITIVES ON PHOSPHORUS MOBILIZATION IN PHOSPHORUS-RICH COMPOSTING OF KITCHEN WASTE

针对餐厨废弃物堆肥速效磷含量低、添加低品位磷矿粉的活化效率有限的问题,在富磷餐厨废弃物堆肥(添加磷矿粉处理,CP)基础上,分别添加表面活性剂(CSP)、解磷菌(CMSP)、生物炭(CBMSP),探究不同外源添加剂对餐厨废弃物富磷堆肥磷素转化的影响。结果表明:1)经过35 d的好氧堆肥,CSP、CMSP、CBMSP处理较CP速效磷增量分别提升2.00%、9.00%、39.00%,解磷菌与生物炭、表面活性剂共同添加显著促进难溶性磷活化效率(P<0.05),达到16.00%;2)CMSP处理堆肥产品中细菌数量较CP处理显著提升(P<0.05),增加至CP的1.85倍,生物炭添加进一步提高了餐厨废弃物堆肥产品放线菌和真菌丰度,分别达到CP的1.56,10.66倍,说明表面活性剂、生物炭与解磷菌共同添加有助于改善堆肥微生物生长环境,促进微生物生长;3)相关性分析表明,微生物量磷(MBP)与速效磷、真菌丰度均在CMSP和CBMSP中呈显著相关(P<0.01),表面活性剂、解磷菌接种和生物炭协同添加可通过强化微生物量磷累积促进难溶性磷矿粉的活化。该成果可为提升堆肥养分资源和难溶性磷利用效率提供有效途径。

Aiming at the problems of low available phosphorus content of kitchen waste compost and the limited mobilization efficiency of adding low-grade rock phosphate,this study explored the effect of different exogenous additives on phosphorus transformation in phosphorus-rich kitchen waste composting,by adding successively surfactants(CSP),phosphate-solubilizing bacteria(CMSP) and biochar(CBMSP) based on adding rock phosphate(CP).The results showed that:1) compared to CP,the increment of available phosphorus after 35 days of aerobic composting increased by 2.00%,9.00% and 39.00% in CSP,CMSP and CBMSP treatments,respectively.The addition of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria,biochar and surfactants significantly promoted the mobilization efficiency of insoluble phosphorus to 16.00%(P<0.05);2) the number of bacteria in compost products treated by CMSP was significantly higher than that of CP(P<0.05),which increased to 1.85 times that of CP.The addition of biochar further improved the abundance of actinobacteria and fungi in kitchen waste compost products,up to 1.56 times and 10.66 times of CP respectively.These indicated that adding surfactants,biochar and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria together could improve the microbial growth environment in compost and promote microbial growth;3) correlation analysis showed that microbial biomass phosphorus(MBP) was significantly correlated with available phosphorus and fungi abundance in CMSP and CBMSP(P<0.01).The synergistic addition of surfactants,phosphate-solubilizing bacteria inoculation and biochar could promote the mobilization of insoluble rock phosphate by enhancing the accumulation of microbial biomass phosphorus.This study could effectively improve the utilization efficiency of compost nutrient resources and insoluble phosphorus.