无缺陷退货下考虑转运的双渠道供应链库存决策研究

Research on Inventory Decisions in a Dual-Channel Supply Chain with False Failure Returns and Transshipment

电商环境下无缺陷退货的大幅增加给供应链带来新的挑战.文章针对一个供应商和一个零售商组成的双渠道供应链,结合无缺陷退货可再次销售的特征,考虑某一渠道缺货后顾客等待转运和顾客需求转移两种行为,分别在集中决策和分散决策模式下,基于无转运无转移(NN)、有转运无转移(YN)和有转运有转移(YY)三种情境构建无缺陷退货下的转运与库存决策模型.研究求解并比较了各情境下的最优决策,并且分析了转运价格、无缺陷退货率和顾客需求转移率对最优订货量及系统利润的影响.研究表明,考虑转运和顾客需求转移时,双渠道供应链中供应商和零售商库存水平及利润同时受到两渠道退货率的影响.通过设置合理的转运价格,转运策略可以有效地降低退货压力,提高库存管理效率,增加双渠道供应链利润.然而,顾客需求转移会降低转运策略的有效性.

With the development of e-commerce,many suppliers sell products through both direct online channel and traditional retail channel.Substantial false failure returns in the online channel have brought great challenges for supply chain management.Considering the fact that false failure returns can be resold,this paper investigates the transshipment and inventory decisions in a dual-channel supply chain consisting of one supplier and one retailer.Three scenarios with false failure returns are considered:1) When there is no transshipment and no customer switch(NN);2)when transshipment is considered with no customer switch(YN);3) when transshipment is considered with customer switch(YY).We compare the optimal decisions across different scenarios and analyze the impacts of transshipment price,false failure returns rate and customer demand switch rate on optimal order quantity and system profit.The results show that when considering transshipment and customer demand switch,the inventory levels and profits of suppliers and retailers are simultaneously affected by the false failure returns rate of both channels.Suppliers and retailers can effectively reduce false failure returns loss and improve inventory management efficiency with transshipment strategies.However,when considering customer demand switch,transshipment strategies will be less effective.It is of practical significance to consider false failure returns and customer demand switching when supply chain members make the inventory and transshipment decisions.