眼睑恶性黑色素瘤的研究进展

Research progress on eyelid malignant melanoma

眼睑恶性黑色素瘤是一种罕见的肿瘤,在白种人其发病率高于其他人种,且多发生于中老年人。其发生与过度紫外线暴露有关,下眼睑发生率较上眼睑高。表现为眼睑原有色素痣的大小、颜色和形状的改变,或在原来无色素痣的部位突发新生的黑褐色肿物,肿瘤恶性程度高,晚期可向局部淋巴结或其他器官转移。早期诊断十分重要,确诊需病理组织学检查。广泛局部切除是主要治疗方法,若切除范围大还需要进行眼睑重建。目前,免疫治疗作为眼睑黑色素瘤的治疗方法之一,受到越来越多的关注,其中免疫检查点抑制剂在本病中的应用可能具有较好前景。

Eyelid malignant melanoma is a rare tumor which incidence rate is higher in white race than in other races.Aged-people is susceptible.Excessive ultraviolet exposure relates to the malignant tumor.The lower eyelid is more likely to suffer from this disease than the upper eyelid.Eyelid malignant melanoma is often manifested as changes in the size,color and shape of the previous pigmented nevus of the eyelid,or a sudden new dark brown mass.With a high degree of malignancy,the tumor can metastasize to local lymph nodes or other organs in the late stage.Early diagnosis is very important,and the diagnosis requires histopathological examination.Extensive local excision is the main treatment method of this disease.Eyelid reconstruction should be considered if the resection range is large.At present,immunotherapy,as one of the new treatment methods for eyelid malignant melanoma,has attracted more and more attention.The application of immune checkpoint inhibitors on this disease may have a broad prospect.