利用红外相机监测中华穿山甲出入洞穴完整事件的影响因素探究

Exploring the Factors Influencing the Use of Camera Traps to Monitor Intact Events of Chinese Pangolin Access to Burrows

红外相机陷阱技术被公认为是当前野生动物调查监测与生态学研究的重要手段,利用红外相机监测中华穿山甲(Manis pentadactyla)出入洞穴事件有利于进一步深入研究其行为生态,然而实践中却经常发生仅监拍到出洞或入洞的不完整事件。为探索穿山甲漏拍原因,提高拍摄成功率,2019年10月—2021年5月在广东省河源市和平县彭寨林区与惠州市惠东县乌禽嶂林区,共布设172台红外相机对中华穿山甲活动洞穴进行长期监测,结果表明:累计69台红外相机捕捉到866段中华穿山甲活动影像,拍摄到进洞、出洞共计183次,其中完整记录到中华穿山甲进洞和出洞的事件118次,漏拍率为35.5%。采用广义相加混合模型(GAMM)对红外相机漏拍事件影响因子的分析结果表明,影响漏拍的主要因素为相机与洞穴的水平距离。考虑到存在进洞和出洞事件均未获得的可能性,调查中的实际漏拍率可能更高。建议利用红外相机对中华穿山甲洞穴进行监测时,相机与洞口的距离150 cm为宜。

Camera-trapping has been recognized as an important tool for current wildlife monitoring and ecological research,and the use of infrared cameras to monitor Chinese pangolin(Manis pentadactyla)entering and leaving the burrow is beneficial for further research on its behavioral ecology,yet in practice,incomplete events that only monitor the exit or entry of burrows often occur.To this end,in order to explore the causes of Chinese pangolin leakage and improve the success rate of photography,this study deployed a total of 172 camera traps for long-term monitoring of Chinese pangolin activity burrows in Pengzhai Forest Area,Heping County,Heyuan City,Guangdong Province and Wuqinzhang Forest Area,Huidong County,Huizhou City,Guangdong Province from October 2019 to May 2021.The results showed that a total of 69 camera traps captured 866 Chinese pangolin activity videos,and captured 183 of burrow entries and exits,of which 118 entries and exits were recorded completely,with a 35.5%miss rate.The generalized additive mixed modelling(GAMM)was used to analyze the factors determining the missed detection of camera traps,and the results showed that the main factor influencing the leakage was the horizontal distance between the camera and the burrow.Considering the possibility that both entry and exit events were not obtained,the actual rate of missed shots in this survey may be higher.It is suggested that the distance between the camera trap and the burrow entrance is appropriate at 150 cm when monitoring the Chinese pangolin’s burrow based on camera traps.