基于简化基因组测序技术的喜马拉雅旱獭遗传多样性分析

Genetic Diversity of Marmota himalayana Based on Simplified Genome Sequencing Technique

为揭示喜马拉雅旱獭(Marmota himalayana)的遗传进化机制,基于双酶切RAD(dd-RAD)测序技术,对青海省3个地区(乐都、玉树、黄南)44例喜马拉雅旱獭简化基因组测序分析,通过SNP位点刻画其遗传特性,构建系统进化树,分析种群结构特征,从基因水平分析不同地区个体之间的遗传进化关系。结果显示:3个地区喜马拉雅旱獭共获得19 279 845个SNP位点,具有丰富的遗传多样性,各地区喜马拉雅旱獭的观测杂合度(Ho)为0.236~0.269,期望杂合度(He)为0.232~0.254。3个地区中,乐都和玉树的喜马拉雅旱獭杂合过度(He>He),黄南地区的多态信息量最大、有效等位基因数更接近等位基因数,表明其基因纯化程度和多态性高、等位基因分布较均匀;系统发育树将黄南样品分为2个遗传分支,乐都和玉树聚为1支。研究结果可为研究喜马拉雅旱獭比较基因组学和旱獭属动物的资源合理利用提供参考依据。

In order to reveal the genetic evolution mechanism of Himalayan marmot(Marmota himalayana), 44 simplified genomes of M. himalayana from three regions in Qinghai Province(Ledu, Yushu, Huangnan) were sequenced based on the double enzyme digestion RAD(dd-RAD) sequencing technology. Their genetic characteristics were characterized by SNP loci, a phylogenetic tree was constructed, population structure characteristics were analyzed, and genetic evolution relationships between individuals in different regions were analyzed at the gene level. The results showed that 19,279,845 SNP loci were obtained from the three regions of M. himalayana, with high genetic diversity. The observed heterozygosity(Ho) of M. himalayana in each region was 0. 236-0. 269, and the expected heterozygosity(He) was 0. 232-0. 254. Among the three regions, the M. himalayana in Ledu and Yushu are over heterozygous(Ho>He), the amount of polymorphic information in Huangnan are the largest, and the number of effective alleles is closer to the number of alleles, indicating that their gene purification and polymorphism are high and that the distribution of alleles is relatively uniform. The phylogenetic tree divides Huangnan samples into two genetic branches, and Ledu and Yushu gather into one branch. The research findings can provide a reference for the study of comparative genomics of M. himalayana and the rational utilization of Marmota resources.