“数据”概念史考略及“档案数据”概念解析

A Brief History of the Concept of"Data"and the Analysis of the Concept of"Archival Data"

数据时代,“数据”不只成为社会热词,同时也成为若干学科的重要植入性概念。作为信息社会的一个重要的名词术语,对其进行历史语言学的概念史的考察,具有重要的学术意义。从历史渊源角度看,“数据”(Data)应发源于数学领域,是从几何领域欧几里得的“已知条件”而来。Data具有“已知条件”“资料”“依据”三义,汉语“数据”则具有“以数为据”的涵义,两者具有一定的互通性。在“档案数据”的内涵争议中,将“档案”仅视为“数据”之定语与修饰词,是一种对于计算机或计算主义的屈从,并产生了诸多歧义。从数据的档案属性和同义复词视角分析,数据即档案,“档案数据”中的“数据”,可视为对“档案”的重申。

In the data age,"data"has not only become a social buzzword,but also an important implantable concept in several disciplines.As an important term in the information society,it is of great academic significance to investigate the conceptual history of historical linguistics.From the perspective of historical origin,"data"seems to originate from the field of mathematics,and it is generated from Euclid’s"known conditions"in the field of geometry.Date has the meaning of"known condition","material"and"basis",while the Chinese word"data"has the meaning of"data is based on numbers",and the two have certain interoperability.In the controversy over the connotation of"archival data",the term"archive"is regarded only as the attribute and modifier of"data",which is a kind of subordination to computer or computationalism and creates many ambiguities.From the perspective of archival properties and synonym-compound of data,data is archival,and the"data"in"archival data"can be regarded as a reaffirmation of"archives".