孤独症儿童空间方位语言的理解与表达行为特征研究:以“到”字句为例

Spatial language understanding and expression in children with autism:a study of“(go/come)to”sentence in Chinese

目的探究孤独症儿童空间方位语言的理解与表达行为特征。方法设计含“到”字句理解与表达能力的三级阶梯测试表,内容包括一般主谓句、附带位移目的的连谓句、附带位移方式的连谓句。2022年3月至6月,选择17例特殊教育学校孤独症患儿,以及17例Peabody图画词汇测验中文修订版成绩匹配的幼儿园健康儿童,进行“到”字句理解和表达测试,分析患儿的典型错误行为。结果“到”字句的理解和表达,句式层级主效应(F>3.718,P<0.05)和儿童类型主效应(F>8.782,P<0.001)均显著,复杂句式、患儿的成绩更差。患儿常见的错误表达类型为成分缺失、句式杂糅、自主句式、用词不准、内容不符、混合错误和无反应,错误类型数及分布均与健康儿童不同。结论孤独症患儿“到”字句的理解和表达能力低于语言能力匹配的健康儿童,主要表现为错误频次更高、错误类型更加多样。

Objective To investigate the characteristics of spatial orientation language comprehension and expression behavior of children with autism.Methods A three-ladder test was designed to test the comprehension and expression of"(go/come)to"sentences,including general subject-predicate sentences,conjunctive-predicate sentences with displacement purposes,and conjunctive-predicate sentences with displacement modes.March to June,2022,the test was conducted on 17 children with autism from a special education school and 17 healthy children matched the scores of Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Chinese revised from a kindergarten.The typical errors were analyzed for children with autism.Results The main effects of sentence ladders(F>3.718,P<0.05)and children groups(F>8.782,P<0.001)were significant on comprehension and expression of sentences,while the performance was poor for the complex sentences and for the children with autism.The common types of errors in expression were missing components,mixed sentences,autonomous sentences,inaccurate wording,inconsistent content,blending errors and non-response.The numbers and the distribution of error types were quite different from the children with autism to the healthy children.Conclusion Children with autism are more difficult to understand and express"(go/come)to"sentences,mainly manifested in a higher error frequency and more kinds of error.