《民法典》背景下不动产登记审查强度的限定

Limitations of the Review Intensity of Real Estate Registration under the Background of Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China

审查是不动产登记制度的核心环节,确定不动产登记的审查强度至关重要。也许受制于立法技术《,民法典》没有正面回应这一问题,学界与实务的观点和做法也不统一。争点在于形式审查与实质审查、合理审慎标准、合法性审查与合理性审查三个维度。从影响审查强度的因素分析,兼顾准确性与效率应是确定审查强度的宏观准则;以登记机关的审查权限和能力为限是中观准则;而在微观层面,不动产登记的审查强度应采“专家审查义-准专家审查义-普通审查义-零审查义务”区分审查说,根据不同的审查事项分别选择不同的审查强度。

As review is the core component of real estate registration system, it is significant to determine the review intensity of real estate registration. Due to the possible confinement of legislative techniques, Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China gives no direct answer, and the disagreements also exist in the academia and legal practice. The key issues involve three dimensions of formal review and substantial review, criteria of reasonable review, and legality review and rationality review. In terms of factors affecting the review intensity,the balance of accuracy and efficiency should be the macro principle for the confirmation of review intensity.The review jurisdiction and capacity of registration authority as the limit should be the middle principle. At the micro level, the review intensity of real estate registration should adopt the distinct reviews made by the experts,the quasi-experts, the ordinary and those with zero obligation. Thus, the different types of review intensity can be chosen according to distinct review cases.