河南省小麦根、茎部内生真菌多样性及平板拮抗活性研究

Diversity of fungal endophytes in roots and stems of wheat in Henan Province and their antifungal activity

0引言主要由假禾谷镰孢(Fusarium pseudograminearum)引起的茎基腐病和主要由禾谷丝核菌(Rhizoctonia cerealis)引起的纹枯病已在黄淮海麦区发生普遍,两者均被列为河南省二类农作物病害^([1])。目前尚无登记应用在防治小麦茎基腐病上的化学药剂,且由于化学农药的大量使用容易带来环境污染问题,故探索小麦茎基腐病的生物防治具有重要意义。内生真菌在生物防治上有巨大的应用潜力^([2])。

To investigate the community composition and diversity of fungal endophytes in wheat roots and stems from different soil types in Henan Province,tissue isolation method was used to isolate and purify endophytic fungi from wheat plants collected from 22 counties/districts in five soil types,and the identification of the fungal endophytes fungi was based on morphology and internal transcribed spacer(ITS)sequence.The community composition and diversity of endophytic fungi were analyzed.The results showed that 426 endophytic fungi were affiliated with 23 genera,among which Chaetomium spp.had the highest number accounting for 23.2%of the total strain number,followed by Penicillium spp..Five strains were tested for the antifungal activity against both Rhizoctonia Cerealis and Fusarium pseudograminearums on plate,and their inhibition rates against R.Cerealis ranged from 44.8%to 70.5%(zone widths 2.00~9.67 mm)while from 35.4%to 49.3%(zone widths 3.67~6.67 mm)against F.pseudograminearum.This paper clarifies the major taxa and their diversity of fungal endophytes in the roots and stems of wheat in different soil types in Henan Province,and their inhibitory effects on soil-borne fungi,providing a basis for the biological control of sharp eyespot and crown rot of wheat.