“双碳”目标下矿山修复规划制度的创新

Innovation of mine rehabilitation planning system in the context of achieving the ‘dual carbon’ goals

在实现“双碳”目标的进程中,创新矿山修复规划的目标和内容,保障矿山生态产业链发展。矿山修复规划的目标由土地复垦走向生态修复是理论研究与实践发展趋势决定的,更是“双碳”目标任务中明确实施生态修复提升固碳功能的重要性引导的。以生态修复为目标来编制矿山修复规划,规划内容不限于将土地复垦到采矿塌陷前的可用状态,而是修复矿山生态系统的生产功能与生态功能,将生态产业链纳入矿山修复规划内容。对生态产业链进行专章规划,将生态修复目标融入“双碳”目标体系中,沿着“减法”的制度路径规划可再生能源产业,沿着“加法”的制度路径规划生态农业、生态旅游业。矿山生态修复将自然生态修复与社会经济修复相结合,矿山修复规划需要坚持生态优先原则,变更修复后的土地类型与利用性质,增加生态用地、补充建设用地,保障生态产业链对生态用地、建设用地的需求。在保障措施规划方面就矿山修复技术创新、生态产业链技术创新、第三方技术与资金引入等进行规划;就采矿塌陷前后农民与采矿企业关于矿山修复土地流转模式,生态修复及生态产业链建设后的验收移交方案进行统一规划。构建包容性的矿山修复规划制度,在各级政府编制矿山修复规划的制度下,积极引导在建和生产矿山自主编制为其提供生态修复、减碳、固碳思路的矿山修复规划,地方政府将审批的各具特色的企业矿山修复规划纳入县级矿山修复规划体系。

In the process of realizing China’s goals of reaching peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality,it is essential to innovate the objective and contents of the mine rehabilitation planning system to guarantee the development of the ecological industrial chain of the mines.The objective of mine rehabilitation planning is to move from land reclamation to ecological restoration,which is determined by the trend of theoretical research and practice in this respect.It is also guided by the importance of implementing ecological restoration to enhance the carbon sequestration function required by the‘dual carbon’goals.To achieve the target of ecological restoration,mine rehabilitation planning should not be limited to the reclamation of the land to its usable state before the mining collapse,but should include the restoration of the production and ecological functions of the mine ecosystem and the incorporation of the ecological industrial chain into the planning.The ecological industrial chain should be planned in a special chapter,and the ecological restoration goal should be integrated into the‘dual carbon’goal system.And the renewable energy industry should be planned along the‘subtractive’institutional path,and ecological agriculture should be planned along the‘additive’institutional path.Eco-agriculture and eco-tourism should be planned along the‘subtractive’institutional path.Mine ecological restoration should combine natural ecological restoration with socio-economic restoration.Mine rehabilitation planning needs to adhere to the principle of ecological priority,change the type and nature of land use after the rehabilitation,increase ecological land and supplement construction land,and guarantee the demand for ecological land and construction land from the ecological industrial chain.In the planning of safeguarding measures,the planning of mine rehabilitation technology innovation,ecological industrial chain technology innovation,and the introduction of third-party technology and capital and so on should be considered.The unified planning of farmers and mining enterprises regarding the land transfer mode of mine rehabilitation before and after the mining collapse,and the acceptance and transfer programs after the construction of ecological rehabilitation and the ecological industrial chain should also be taken into consideration.To build an inclusive mine rehabilitation planning system under the system of mine rehabilitation planning prepared by governments at all levels,we should actively guide the mines that are under construction and production to independently prepare mine rehabilitation plans that can provide them with ecological restoration,carbon reduction,and carbon sequestration ideas.Local governments should incorporate the approved mine rehabilitation plans of enterprises with various characteristics into the state-level mine rehabilitation planning system.