单胎孕妇孕期增重、血脂水平对妊娠结局、新生儿体成分的影响

Effects of weight gain during pregnancy and blood lipid level of pregnant women with singleton on their pregnancy outcomes and neonatal body composition

目的:分析孕期体重增长与血脂水平对单胎妊娠孕妇妊娠结局、新生儿体成分的影响。方法:通过便利抽样法选择2021年6月-2022年6月在本院产前检查并分娩的单胎妊娠孕妇206例,依据孕妇妊娠结局情况分为妊娠结局良好组和不良组,比较两组一般资料、孕期体重增值、血脂情况,应用logistic回归分析探讨孕妇妊娠结局不良的影响因素,分析孕期体重增值、血脂情况与不良妊娠结局及新生儿体成分(体脂百分含量、脂肪重量)情况,应用Spearman相关分析孕期体重增值、血脂情况与新生儿体成分的相关性。结果:206例妊娠结局不良37例、良好169例,两组年龄、孕前体质指数(BMI)、孕期体重增长、血脂水平有差异(P<0.05)。logistic回归分析显示,孕妇年龄大、孕前BMI高、孕期体重增长过度、血脂异常均为不良妊娠结局的风险因素,矫正年龄、孕前BMI混杂因素影响后,孕期体重增值、血脂异常仍与不良妊娠结局独立相关(均P<0.05);新生儿体脂百分含量、脂肪重量,孕期增重过度孕妇高于增重适宜和不足孕妇,脂代谢异常孕妇高于脂代谢正常孕妇(均P<0.05);Spearman相关分析显示,孕期体重增长、血脂异常与新生儿体脂百分含量、脂肪重量均呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论:孕期增重过度、脂代谢异常均为单胎妊娠不良结局的危险因素,且对新生儿体成分造成不良影响,临床应增强孕妇孕期体重与血脂管理,控制孕期体重增值与血脂水平。

Objective: To analyze the effects of weight gain during pregnancy and blood lipid level of pregnant women with singleton on their adverse pregnancy outcomes and neonatal body composition. Methods: A total of 206 pregnancy women with singleton who underwent prenatal examination and delivery in the hospital were selected by convenient sampling method from June 2021 to June 2022. These women were divided into group A(women with good pregnancy outcomes) and group B(women with adverse pregnancy outcomes) according to the pregnancy outcomes of these women. The general data, the weight gain during pregnancy, and the blood lipid levels of the women were compared between the two groups. The influencing factors of the adverse pregnancy outcomes of the women in the two groups were explored by Logistic regression analysis. The weight gain during pregnancy, the status of blood lipid and the adverse pregnancy outcomes, and the situation of the newborn body composition, such as percentage of body fat and fat weight, of the women in the two groups were analyzed. Spearman correlation was used to analyze the correlation between the weight gain and the blood lipid status during pregnancy of the women and their newborn body composition. Results: Among 206 pregnant women, there were 37 cases in group B and 169 cases in group A. There were significant differences in the age, the pre-pregnancy body mass index(BMI), the weight gain during pregnancy, and the blood lipid levels of the women between the two groups(P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the maternal age,the pre-pregnancy BMI,the pregnancy weight gain,and the dyslipidemia of the women were all the factors influencing their adverse pregnancy outcomes.After adjusting the confounding factors,such as age and pre-pregnancy BMI of the women,the pregnancy weight gain and the dyslipidemia of the women were still the independently correlated with their adverse pregnancy outcomes(all P<0.05).The percentages of the body fat and the fat weight of the newborn of the women with excessive weight gain during pregnancy were significantly higher than those of the women with appropriate weight gain or insufficient weight gain during pregnancy,and which of the women with abnormal lipid metabolism were significantly higher than those of the women with normal lipid metabolism(all P<0.05).Spearman correlation analysis showed that the weight gain and dyslipidemia of the women during pregnancy were positively correlated with the body fat percentage and fat weight of their newborn(P<0.05).Conclusion:The excessive weight gain and abnormal lipid metabolism during pregnancy of the women with singleton pregnancy are the risk factors of their adverse pregnancy outcomes,and which will adversely affect the neonatal body composition of the women.So,the management of weight and blood lipid during pregnancy should be strengthened for controlling the weight gain and the blood lipid level of the women during pregnancy.