王权、节日与麦地那工匠村:阿蒙霍特普一世节日研究

Kingship,Festival and Deir el-Medina:The Study of the Festival of AmenhotepⅠ

依赖王权支持而产生的阿蒙霍特普一世节日在麦地那工匠村发挥着重要作用,凭借阿蒙霍特普一世个人崇拜的信仰基础以及后世统治者的支持,这一节日成为王权与麦地那工匠村紧密联系的桥梁。以纪念国王为主题的阿蒙霍特普一世节日,通过节日巡游重现国王死后神化的过程,在巩固阿蒙霍特普一世地位的同时,王权也得到彰显。而节日中以国王为主导的神谕审判则是国王和麦地那工匠直接沟通互动的重要途径,当地民众不仅借助国王神谕解决日常纠纷,还以节日为窗口展现出麦地那工匠村的社会生活状况,于是,节日、王权和麦地那工匠村三者共同构建起了一个稳定的关系网络,其中起主导作用的阿蒙霍特普一世节日,成为我们研究麦地那居民生活及其与王权互动的主要对象。

The festival of AmenhotepⅠ,which relied on the support of kingship,played an important role in Deir el-Medina.Based on the worship of AmenhotepⅠand the supports of later rulers,this festival became the bridge between kingship and Medina.The festival of AmenhotepⅠreappeared the process of deify after his death,as the theme was to remember the king,during the festival of AmenhotepⅠ,his position was strengthened while the kingship was also asserted.The oracles of AmenhotepⅠwas the important way to show the direct communication and interaction between king and craftsmen.With the aid of the king’s oracles,local people can solve their daily disputes.The festival of Amenhotep I also became the window to display the social life in Deir el-Medina.Festival,kingship and Deir el-Medina built up a stable relationship network,in this network,the festival of AmenhotepⅠbecame the main object for us to study the life of Deir el-Medina and its interaction with kingship.